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. 2016 Nov 15;291(52):26837–26849. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M116.757393

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3.

S. Enteritidis AvrA stabilizes ZO-1 structure and changes the TEER. Caco-2 BBE cells were cultured on an insert and treated with different Salmonella strains. At the indicated times, the changes in ZO-1 and the TEER were measured. A, immunofluorescence shows the normal localization of ZO-1 in Caco-2 BBE control cells and the disruption following infection by AvrA-mutant bacteria. There were no significant changes in other TJ proteins, such as occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-7, or in the adhesion junction protein E-cadherin between S. E-AvrA and the wild type or complemented strains. B, high TEER is evident in Caco-2 BBE cells after colonization with wild type or AvrA complemented strains. TEER was measured at the indicated times, and multiple comparisons of mean TEER values were performed using two-way ANOVA and generalized linear mixed models. The mean differences between the TEER values for the S.E-AvrA mutant and either the S.E-AvrA+ or wild type strain were significant for follow-up measurements at 1–8 h (n = 6). **, p ≤ 0.01.

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