FIGURE 1.

GtACR1 function in LUVs. A and B, light-induced fluorescence changes of the pH-sensitive dye pyranine inside GtACR1-containing LUVs with Cl⁻ inside and SO₄²⁻ outside (A, top), SO₄²⁻ inside and Cl⁻ outside (A, bottom), Cl⁻ inside and Asp⁻ outside (B, top), and Asp⁻ inside and Cl⁻ outside (B, bottom). Red and black lines are with and without protonophore (CCCP), respectively. The direction of proton movement corresponds to passive chloride flux out of (A and B, top) or into (A and B, bottom) the LUVs. The fitted lines are shown on each trace. Light on and off times are indicated by arrows. norm., normalization.