Table 4.
Adjusteda regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals for multivariable linear regression models assessing categorical residential proximity to toxicity weightedb organophosphate and carbamate pesticide use during pregnancy within strata of household poverty status and interaction effects between ordinal quartiles of pesticide use and binary household poverty status.
| At or Below Poverty Threshold (N = 355)
|
Above Poverty Threshold (N = 146)
|
β-intc | p-intc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |||
| Full-Scale IQ | ||||
| First Quartile (Lowest Pesticide Use) | Reference | Reference | −0.9 | 0.34 |
| Second Quartile | 0.2 (−2.8, 3.3) | −1.3 (−6.7, 4.2) | ||
| Third Quartile | −0.3 (−3.6, 3.0) | −0.3 (−5.4, 4.8) | ||
| Fourth Quartile (Highest Pesticide Use) | −3.8 (−7.0, −0.5)* | −1.5 (−6.6, 3.7) | ||
| Verbal Comprehension | ||||
| First Quartile (Lowest Pesticide Use) | Reference | Reference | −0.8 | 0.44 |
| Second Quartile | −0.8 (−4.1, 2.4) | −1.6 (−6.9, 3.7) | ||
| Third Quartile | −0.5 (−4.0, 2.9) | −1.2 (−6.2, 3.8) | ||
| Fourth Quartile (Highest Pesticide Use) | −2.2 (−5.6, 1.3) | 0.9 (−4.1, 5.9) | ||
| Perceptual Reasoning | ||||
| First Quartile (Lowest Pesticide Use) | Reference | Reference | −0.6 | 0.64 |
| Second Quartile | 0.6 (−3.5, 4.7) | −1.5 (−8.9, 5.8) | ||
| Third Quartile | −1.6 (−6.0, 2.8) | 0.0 (−6.8, 6.8) | ||
| Fourth Quartile (Highest Pesticide Use) | −4.4 (−8.7, −0.1)* | −3.5 (−10.3, 3.4) | ||
| Working Memory | ||||
| First Quartile (Lowest Pesticide Use) | Reference | Reference | −1.2 | 0.23 |
| Second Quartile | −1.2 (−4.4, 2.0) | 2.2 (−3.8, 8.3) | ||
| Third Quartile | −0.1 (−3.5, 3.3) | 2.7 (−2.9, 8.3) | ||
| Fourth Quartile (Highest Pesticide Use) | −3.8 (−7.2, −0.5)* | −0.9 (−6.6, 4.7) | ||
| Processing Speed | ||||
| First Quartile (Lowest Pesticide Use) | Reference | Reference | −0.3 | 0.81 |
| Second Quartile | 2.6 (−1.0, 6.1) | −2.9 (−9.8, 4.0) | ||
| Third Quartile | 2.6 (−1.2, 6.4) | −2.0 (−8.4, 4.4) | ||
| Fourth Quartile (Highest Pesticide Use) | −0.9 (−4.6, 2.8) | −0.7 (−7.2, 5.7) | ||
All models adjust for neighborhood poverty, maternal education, maternal intelligence, quality of home environment, maternal age at birth, breastfeeding duration, language of WISC assessment, and the psychometrician who conducted the cognitive assessment.
Use was toxicity weighted using relative potency factors for AChE inhibition (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2007, 2007).
Coefficient and P-value for interaction effects between ordinal quartiles of pesticide use and binary household poverty status.
p < 0.05
p < 0.01