Table 2.
Outcomes of the pain measurement at baseline and after aerobic cycling exercise, isometric knee extension and the control condition
| Pain test | Baseline, mean (SD) | Aerobic cycling, mean (SD) | Isometric extension, mean (SD) | Control condition, mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Visceral stimulation (mA) | ||||
| VAS 1 | 9.1 (3.6) | 9.2 (4.6) | 7.8 (2.9) | 7.9 (4.6) |
| VAS 3 | 11.7 (3.4) | 13.4 (6.5) | 11.3 (3.5) | 11.4 (4.6) |
| VAS 5 | 17.9 (7.1) | 18.6 (8.2) | 17.1 (6.0) | 16.0 (5.2) |
| VAS 7 | 22.0 (8.4) | 22.2 (8.7) | 20.8 (7.2) | 19.8 (4.8) |
| Pressure algometry (kPa) | ||||
| Trapezius muscle | 491 (118) | 461 (143) | 426 (111) | 433 (184) |
| T10 dermatome | 549 (142) | 509 (124) | 496 (114) | 528 (145) |
| Thenar muscle | 493 (116) | 462 (77) | 445 (85) | 445 (100) |
| Rectus femoris muscle | 641 (179) | 669 (154) | 671 (185) | 598 (134) |
| Adductor halluces muscle | 552 (141) | 515 (98) | 559 (115) | 548 (157) |
| CPM | ||||
| PPT before (kPa) | 677 (148) | 688 (161) | 679 (137) | 619 (139) |
| PPT after (kPa) | 724 (154) | 756 (198) | 777 (145) | 775 (227) |
| VAS 30 seconds | 4.6 (1.7) | 4.9 (2.4) | 5.1 (2.1) | 5.2 (1.9) |
| VAS 60 seconds | 6.5 (1.6) | 6.3 (2.1) | 6.4 (1.6) | 6.8 (1.5) |
| VAS 90 seconds | 7.5 (1.4) | 7.1 (1.5) | 7.4 (1.4) | 7.5 (1.3) |
| VAS 120 seconds | 7.9 (1.2) | 7.7 (1.4) | 8.0 (1.3) | 8.1 (1.2) |
| VAS overall | 6.9 (1.2) | 6.9 (1.6) | 7.1 (1.5) | 7.3 (1.4) |
Notes: PPT before: pressure pain threshold before cold pressor test, PPT after: pressure pain threshold after cold pressor test and VAS overall: mean VAS scores during the immersion.
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; VAS, visual analogue scale; CPM, conditioned pain modulation.