Table 1. Evaluation of reaction conditions.
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Entry | Conditions a | Yield b (%) | ee c (%) |
1 | Standard conditions | 64 | 86 |
2 | Ni(cod)2 instead of Ni(acac)2 | 71 | 76 |
3 | NiBr2·diglyme instead of Ni(acac)2 | 58 | 80 |
4 | 5 mol% Ni(acac)2, 6 mol% L3 | 38 | 87 |
5 | No Ni or ligand | 72 | 0 |
6 | 0.02 M instead of 0.1 M | 56 | 74 |
7 | Ligand L1 instead of L3 | 64 | 74 |
8 | Ligand L2 instead of L3 | 18 | 7 |
9 | Ligand L4 instead of L3 | 24 | 0 |
10 | –78 °C → rt instead of –40 °C | 63 | 85 |
11 | ArZnBr derived from ArMgBr | 43 | 20 |
12 | +3 equiv. MgBr2 | 13 | 0 |
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aReactions run on a 0.5 mmol scale with 3 equiv. 4-F-PhZnBr.
bIsolated yield.
cDetermined using chiral HPLC analysis after Pd/C-catalyzed hydrogenation to the piperidine.