Figure 1.

Sex-associated differences in the colon adenoma and cancer induced with AOM/DSS. (A) Experimental protocol for the induction of colitis and colon cancer by AOM and DSS. (B) Representative macroscopic view of colons in each group sacrificed at week 16. (C) Representative histological images in 4th week (a) control male; AOM/DSS (b) male; (c) female. 10th week AOM/DSS (d) male; (e) female. 16th week AOM/DSS (f) male; (g) female. Occurrence of low grade adenoma in b; adenocarcinoma with focal submucosal invasion in d; high grade adenoma in e; adenocarcinoma with submucosal invasion in f; and adenocarcinoma in g (H&E; × 200 for a–c, × 100 for d and e, × 40 for f and g). Adenoma were indicated with dashed line circle; adenocarcinoma with full line circle; and submucosal invasion with arrows. M, male; F, female; AOM, azoxymethane; DSS, dextran sulfate sodium.