Table III.
Odor emission (in μg h−1 g−1 shoot dry weight) of intact maize plants (und) and plants damaged by caterpillar feeding (dam)
| Line
|
F7
|
F752
|
F7001
|
F618
|
W401
|
F113
|
A188
|
F2
|
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Replicates
|
7
|
7
|
6
|
6
|
7
|
7
|
7
|
7
|
7
|
7
|
6
|
6
|
7
|
7
|
7
|
7
|
| Compound/Treatment | und | dam | und | dam | und | dam | und | dam | und | dam | und | dam | und | dam | und | dam |
| a Myrcene | 0.03 | 0.05 | − | + | − | + | + | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | − | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.05 | − | + |
| b Ocimene | + | + | + | + | 0.02 | 0.02 | + | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 | + | + | + | + | + | 0.02 |
| c Linalool | 0.16 | 0.34 | + | 0.04 | + | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.24 | 0.04 | 0.15 | 0.31 | 0.45 | + | 1.17 |
| d Hexenyl acetate | 0.08 | 0.15 | + | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.26 | 0.02 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.36 | 0.04 | 0.23 | 0.07 | 0.45 | 0.01 | 0.17 |
| e Benzyl acetate | + | 0.01 | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | 0.06 | − | 0.02 | + | 0.06 | + | + |
| f Phenethyl acetate | + | + | − | + | − | + | − | 0.11 | + | 0.26 | − | 0.43 | + | 0.64 | − | 0.02 |
| g Geranyl acetate | + | 0.01 | − | − | + | 0.01 | − | 0.01 | − | + | + | 0.10 | + | 0.05 | − | + |
| h Dimethyl nonatriene | + | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.21 | + | 0.16 | + | 0.13 | + | 0.02 | + | + | 0.07 | 0.76 | + | 0.47 |
| i Trimethyl tridecatetraene | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.02 | + | + | 0.04 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 0.80 |
| j 1-H-indole | − | + | 0.32 | 0.24 | − | + | 0.14 | 0.36 | + | 0.05 | + | 0.61 | + | 0.02 | + | 0.14 |
| k Methyl anthranilate | + | + | − | + | + | + | − | 0.01 | + | + | − | − | + | + | − | 0.09 |
| l Cyclosisosativene | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | 0.01 | − | − | − | − | + | 0.02 |
| m α-Ylangene | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | + | + |
| n Unknown | − | + | − | 0.02 | + | + | − | + | − | + | − | + | − | 0.01 | − | + |
| o Caryophyllene | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.13 | + | 0.01 | + | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | − | 0.04 | + | 0.02 | 0.05 | 1.18 |
| p Bergamotene | + | 0.01 | − | 0.37 | + | 0.73 | + | 0.26 | + | 0.28 | − | 0.15 | + | 0.02 | + | 0.29 |
| q β-Farnesene | 0.02 | 0.05 | + | 0.36 | + | 0.82 | + | 0.94 | + | 1.03 | + | 0.77 | 0.01 | 0.03 | + | 0.58 |
| r Germacrene-D | − | − | 0.18 | 0.36 | 0.01 | 0.03 | + | 0.01 | + | 0.01 | − | + | + | 0.02 | + | 0.02 |
| s Unknown | + | + | + | + | + | 0.03 | + | 0.02 | + | 0.02 | + | + | − | − | + | 0.03 |
| t α-Farnesene | + | 0.02 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 0.11 | 0.34 |
| u β-Bisabolene | − | − | + | 0.02 | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| v Unknown | + | + | − | 0.06 | + | 0.14 | + | 0.03 | + | 0.01 | − | − | + | 0.02 | + | 0.06 |
| w Nerolidol | − | − | + | 0.01 | − | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | − | + | + | 0.04 |
| Total emission | 0.35 | 1.07 | 0.59 | 2.00 | 0.24 | 2.32 | 0.26 | 2.52 | 0.42 | 2.52 | 0.11 | 2.54 | 0.58 | 3.20 | 0.24 | 5.45 |
| Line
|
F1852
|
Delprim
|
Du101
|
F476
|
Factor of Increase of Emission by Caterpillar-Damaged Plants versus Intact Plants | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Replicates
|
7
|
7
|
6
|
12
|
6
|
6
|
7
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Compound/Treatment | und | dam | und | dam | und | dam | und | dam | Median | Mean | sd | Min | Max | n |
| a Myrcene | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.25 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1.3 | 9 | 9 |
| b Ocimene | 0.02 | 0.06 | + | 0.03 | + | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 1.0 | 13 | 8 |
| c Linalool | 0.17 | 1.01 | 1.19 | 2.30 | 0.50 | 4.08 | 1.76 | 5.80 | 5 | 23 | 55 | 1.5 | 195 | 12 |
| d Hexenyl acetate | − | − | 0.07 | 0.29 | + | 0.49 | 0.15 | 1.05 | 7 | 12 | 19 | 1.7 | 67 | 11 |
| e Benzyl acetate | − | − | + | 0.04 | + | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.23 | 10 | 15 | 19 | 1.6 | 54 | 6 |
| f Henethyl acetate | − | − | + | 0.52 | − | 0.91 | + | 0.54 | 1,147 | 1,459 | 1,210 | 436 | 3,105 | 4 |
| g Geranyl acetate | − | − | + | 0.53 | − | − | 0.02 | 1.25 | 45 | 40 | 34 | 4.1 | 72 | 6 |
| h Dimethyl nonatriene | 0.03 | 0.47 | 0.01 | 0.91 | 0.02 | 1.29 | 0.09 | 1.93 | 61 | 84 | 106 | 9.2 | 362 | 11 |
| i Trimethyl tridecatetraene | 0.02 | 0.34 | 0.02 | 0.21 | 0.04 | 0.91 | 0.07 | 0.99 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 1.7 | 38 | 11 |
| j 1-H-indole | + | 0.20 | + | 0.57 | + | 4.32 | 0.23 | 2.48 | 107 | 262 | 545 | 0.7 | 1,794 | 10 |
| k Methyl anthranilate | 0.01 | 0.02 | + | + | + | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 2 | 17 | 25 | 2.2 | 46 | 3 |
| l Cyclosisosativene | 0.09 | 0.17 | − | − | − | − | 0.03 | 0.05 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 1.6 | 11 | 4 |
| m α-Ylangene | 0.07 | 0.14 | − | − | − | − | 0.03 | 0.06 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2 |
| n Unknown | + | 0.02 | − | 0.01 | − | + | + | 0.03 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 5.1 | 10 | 2 |
| o Caryophyllene | 0.04 | 0.35 | 0.02 | 2.40 | 0.02 | 3.26 | 0.16 | 2.29 | 7 | 29 | 47 | 1.3 | 133 | 11 |
| p Bergamotene | 0.01 | 1.20 | − | 1.69 | − | 0.72 | 0.01 | 0.89 | 71 | 65 | 49 | 1.4 | 125 | 8 |
| q β-Farnesene | 0.02 | 2.30 | 0.01 | 3.00 | + | 3.18 | 0.07 | 1.77 | 112 | 422 | 759 | 2.8 | 2,210 | 12 |
| r Germacrene-D | 0.03 | 0.10 | − | + | 0.08 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 0.35 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 1.8 | 18 | 9 |
| s Unknown | + | 0.04 | − | 0.03 | − | + | + | 0.03 | 17 | 45 | 54 | 2.8 | 126 | 6 |
| t α-Farnesene | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 2 |
| u β-Bisabolene | + | 0.06 | + | 0.09 | + | 0.01 | − | 0.01 | 12 | 21 | 25 | 4.0 | 57 | 4 |
| v Unknown | 0.02 | 0.25 | + | 0.22 | − | + | 0.02 | 0.21 | 11 | 29 | 53 | 2.7 | 159 | 8 |
| w Nerolidol | + | 0.01 | + | 0.02 | + | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 5 | 18 | 28 | 2.6 | 74 | 6 |
| Total emission | 0.60 | 6.85 | 1.46 | 13.03 | 0.71 | 19.79 | 3.09 | 20.67 | 9 | 12 | 8 | 3.1 | 28 | 12 |
Significant differences (P < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U-test) between the treatments are indicated by bold letters. +, Trace amounts (<0.01 μg h−1 g−1); −, Below detection threshold. Increase factors were calculated for all cases where volatile amounts of damaged plants were above 0.01 μg h−1 g−1 and amounts of undamaged plants above detection threshold.