Fig 1. Landscape composition of the Cecil Plains, Queensland, Australia, study site in the 2011/12 and 2013/14 cropping seasons.

Bt cotton is gray; mandated refuge is black; crops that provide breeding sites for both H. armigera and H. punctigera (source crops) are gray with dark-gray stripes while source crops for H. armigera alone are dark gray; non-breeding habitat (matrix) is light gray; native vegetation is stippled; and unknown habitat is white. In 2013/14 a few fields were planted with conventional cotton as mandated refuges within a more-extensive crop of Bt cotton (light gray with narrow stripes).