Table 2.

Participant Characteristics and their Association with Age and Choice Preferences in Study 2

	M (SD) /%	rage	CIage	ρdrd-sens	CIdrd-sens
Demographics
Age	49.98 (17.44)			−.07	−.25, .11
Gender (% female)	52%	.02	−.16, .19	−.04	−.22, .14
Education	4.90 (1.86)	.03	−.15, .21	−.02	−.19, .16
Race (% White)	84%	.21*	.03, .37	.07	−.11, .25
Affect
Baseline valence	72.25 (17.59)	.07	−.11, .25	.03	−.15, .21
Baseline arousal	38.34 (24.16)	−.07	−.25, .11	.06	−.12, .24
Personality traits
C1 – Competence	3.81 (0.50)	.04	−.14, .22	.07	−.11, .25
C2 – Order	3.26 (0.62)	−.02	−.19, .16	.04	−.14, .22
C3 – Dutifulness	3.91 (0.46)	.06	−.12, .24	.01	−.17, .19
C4 – Achievement	3.38 (0.59)	−.10	−.27, .08	.28**	.11, .44
C5 – Self-Discipline	3.54 (0.62)	−.10	−.27, .08	.13	−.05, .30
C6 - Deliberation	3.16 (0.54)	−.04	−.22, .14	.08	−.10, .25
Task Persistence	3.60 (0.74)	−.01	−.19, .17	.28**	.11, .44
Self-Regulation	3.60 (0.50)	.02	−.16, .19	.16	−.02, .33
Procrastination	2.61 (0.58)	−.06	−.24, .12	−.07	−.25, .11
Grit	3.33 (0.62)	.00	−.18, .18	.11	−.07, .28
N-back (% correct)	74.16 (19.80)	−.19*	.01, .36	−.05	−.23, .13

Notes:

For continuous measures, standard deviations are shown in parentheses.

For education: 1 = less than high-school education, 8 = graduate degree.

For valence: −100 = very negative, 100 = very positive

For arousal: 0 = not aroused at all, 100 = very aroused

r_age= Pearson correlation with age

CI_age= 95% confidence interval for r_age

ρ_drd-sens= Spearman’s correlation with number of dread-sensitive choices

CI_drd-sens= 95% confidence interval for ρ_drd-sens

^*p < .05,

^†p < .10