Secreted homologous proteins α-amylase and glucoamylase in transformants containing the antisense cassette. (A) Extracellular α-amylase activity of A. awamori control strains lpr66 and TGP3 (bars 1 and 2, respectively) and transformants containing the bipA antisense cassette (bars 3 to 9). The error bars indicate standard deviations for three measurements. (B) SDS-PAGE of extracellular total proteins. Note that α-amylase is directly observed in Coomassie blue-stained gels as it is the most abundant protein. Lane 1, molecular mass markers; lanes 2 and 3, A. awamori control strains lpr66 and TGP-3, respectively; lanes 4 to 9, transformants containing bipA antisense cassette. (C) Immunoblots of secreted glucoamylase with anti-glucoamylase antibodies (1:30,000). Lanes 1 and 2, A. awamori control strains lpr66 and TGP-3, respectively; lanes 3 to 7, transformants containing the bipA antisense cassette. The molecular masses of markers are indicated on the left.