TABLE 1.

Equations used for primary model development^a

Model	Equation
Glucose consumption	dS/dt = −1/YX/S dX/dt − mSX
Lactic acid production	dL/dt = −YL/S dS/dt
Bacteriocin production	dB/dt = kB dX/dt − kinactXB when X > XB

^aAbbreviations: X, biomass concentration (in grams of CDM per liter); t, time (in hours); S, residual glucose concentration (in grams of glucose per liter); Y_X/S, cell yield coefficient (in grams of CDM per gram of glucose); m_S, maintenance coefficient (in grams of glucose per gram of CDM per hour); L, lactic acid production (in grams of lactic acid per liter); Y_L/S, yield coefficient for the conversion of glucose into lactic acid (in grams of lactic acid per gram of glucose); B, bacteriocin activity in the cell-free culture supernatant (in AU per liter); k_B, specific bacteriocin production (in AU per gram of CDM); k_inact, apparent rate of bacteriocin inactivation (in liters per gram of CDM per hour); X_B, minimum biomass concentration for the onset of bacteriocin production (in grams of CDM per liter).