Percentage of lactate (A) and concentrations of ADP and ATP (B), FBP (C), and Pi (D) in L. lactis 65.1 cells metabolizing 10 g of maltose per liter. The culture conditions were as follows: mid-exponential growth (n = 6) (bars 1), mid-exponential growth with 30 mM arginine (n = 3) (bars 2), resting cells with 0.5 μM monensin (n = 3) (bars 3), resting cells with 2 μM valinomycin (n = 3) (bars 4), and resting cells (n = 6) (bars 5), where n is the number of cell samples analyzed for intracellular metabolites.