Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by pre-pregnancy BMI of participants consenting to use of dried blood spots in the Upstate KIDS Study.
| Characteristicsa,b | Obese Class II/III | Obese Class I | Overweight | Underweight | Normal weight | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (>35.0 kg/m2) | (30.0-34.9 kg/m2) | (25-29.9 kg/m2) | (<18.5 kg/m2) | (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) | |||
| Mothers | N=2974 | 380 | 373 | 773 | 64 | 1384 | |
| Age (y)b | 30.2 (6.0) | 30.9 (5.8) | 31.6 (6.0) | 29.0 (6.5) | 31.1 (5.8) | 0.0002 | |
| Non-Hispanic whitec | 317 (83.4) | 317 (85.0) | 648 (83.8) | 48 (75.0) | 1161 (83.9) | 0.3961 | |
| Privately insured | 267 (70.3) | 295 (79.3) | 629 (81.5) | 40 (62.5) | 1130 (81.7) | <0.0001 | |
| Married | 318 (84.8) | 337 (91.8) | 694 (90.8) | 55 (85.9) | 1263 (92.5) | 0.0001 | |
| College degree or higher | 138 (36.3) | 175 (46.9) | 442 (57.2) | 34 (53.1) | 885 (64.0) | <0.0001 | |
| Alcohol use during pregnancy | 32 (8.4) | 39 (10.5) | 99 (12.8) | 8 (12.5) | 235 (17.0) | <0.0001 | |
| Any dietary supplementation during pregnancy | 294 (77.4) | 293 (78.9) | 615 (79.6) | 48 (75.0) | 1146 (82.8) | 0.047 | |
| Smoking during pregnancy | 63 (16.6) | 47 (12.6) | 93 (12.0) | 15 (23.4) | 125 (9.0) | <0.0001 | |
| Any infertility treatment | 134 (35.3) | 116 (31.1) | 246 (31.8) | 14 (21.9) | 446 (32.3) | 0.2856 | |
| Nulliparous | 162 (42.9) | 150 (40.5) | 344 (44.7) | 36 (57.1) | 667 (48.7) | 0.0092 | |
| Gestational weight gaind | <0.0001 | ||||||
| LGWG | 128 (33.9) | 62 (16.7) | 102 (13.2) | 19 (29.7) | 326 (23.7) | ||
| AGWG | 103 (27.3) | 89 (23.9) | 212 (27.4) | 30 (46.9) | 595 (43.2) | ||
| EGWG | 147 (38.9) | 221 (59.4) | 459 (59.4) | 15 (23.4) | 455 (33.1) | ||
| Paternal BMI | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Thin and normal (<25 kg/m2) | 44 (12.9) | 66 (19.3) | 174 (24.0) | 24 (41.4) | 437 (34.2) | ||
| Overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2) | 112 (32.9) | 112 (32.8) | 327 (45.0) | 628 (49.1) | 25 (43.1) | ||
| Obese class I (30.0-34.9 kg/m2) | 86 (25.3) | 100 (29.2) | 162 (22.3) | 7 (12.1) | 151 (11.8) | ||
| Obese class II/III (>35.0 kg/m2) | 98 (28.8) | 64 (18.7) | 63 (8.7) | 2 (3.5) | 62 (4.9) | ||
| Infantse | N=2974 | 380 | 373 | 773 | 64 | 1384 | |
| Males | 207 (54.5) | 192 (51.5) | 397 (51.4) | 36 (56.3) | 699 (50.5) | 0.6488 | |
| Singletons | 300 (79.0) | 296 (79.4) | 608 (78.7) | 52 (81.3) | 1107 (80.0) | 0.9475 | |
| Birth weight (g)b | 3252.3 (765.4) | 3265.7 (633.7) | 3237.7 (680.8) | 2947.2 (747.7) | 3153.2 (655.3) | <0.0001 | |
| Gestational age (weeks)b | 37.9 (2.5) | 38.2 (2.1) | 38.1 (2.3) | 37.9 (2.7) | 38.2 (2.4) | 0.4293 |
Abbreviations: y, years; LGWG, low gestational weight gain; AGWG, appropriate gestational weight gain; EGWG, excessive gestational weight gain; BMI, body mass index; g, grams. All data reported as n (%) excepted where annotated (b) which indicates mean (standard deviation).
Number of participants missing information for characteristics: 2 for health insurance, 38 for marital status, 1 for alcohol use during pregnancy, 1 for smoking during pregnancy, 23 for parity, 11 for gestational weight gain, 230 for paternal obesity/body mass index
Percentage of non-Hispanic black in cohort: 16.4%
Gestational weight gain = 2009 IOM guidelines: LGWG is <12.5 kg for underweight women, <11.5 kg for normal weight women, <7.0 kg for overweight women, and <5.0 kg for obese women (classes I and II) delivering singletons. LGWG is <17.0 kg for underweight and normal weight women, <14.0 kg for overweight women, and <11.0 kg for obese women (classes I and II) delivering twins. AGWG is between 12.5-18.0 kg for underweight women, between 11.5-16.0 kg for normal weight women, between 7.0-11.5 kg for overweight women, and between 5.0-9.0 kg for obese women (classes I and II) delivering singletons. AGWG is between 17.0-25.0 kg for underweight and normal weight women, between 14.0-23.0 kg for overweight women, and between 11.0-19.0 kg for obese women (classes I and II) delivering twins. EGWG is >18.0 kg for underweight women, >16.0 kg for normal weight women, >11.5 pounds for overweight women, and >9.0 kg for obese women (classes I and II) delivering singletons. EGWG is >25.0 kg for underweight and normal weight women, >23.0 kg for overweight women, and >19.0 kg for obese women (classes I and II) delivering twins.
Total sample size is restricted to descriptive cohort n = 2974, all singletons and one twin selected at random in the Upstate KIDS birth cohort.