Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus 10 years after diabetes diagnosis classified by 10-year HbA1c trajectory
| Low stable | High decreasing early | Moderate increasing late | Moderate peaking late | Moderate peaking early | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 23,112 | 1370 | 1437 | 1320 | 935 | |
| Age at diagnosis, years | 57.7 | 51.9 | 47.8 | 48.9 | 49.8 | <0.001 |
| Female, % | 46.9 | 39.9 | 48.8 | 42.0 | 43.9 | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 52.9 | 39.3 | 38.3 | 38.6 | 36.5 | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 8.7 | 16.7 | 12.8 | 17.6 | 18.0 | |
| Hispanic | 11.6 | 16.1 | 21.5 | 20.1 | 18.6 | |
| Asian | 10.7 | 9.0 | 8.6 | 7.0 | 6.3 | |
| Filipino | 7.4 | 8.9 | 7.7 | 6.6 | 8.6 | <0.001 |
| Mixed | 6.3 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 7.2 | |
| Other | 1.1 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 2.6 | |
| Unknown | 1.2 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 2.4 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 31.1 | 32.2 | 32.4 | 32.4 | 33.4 | <0.001 |
| SBP category* | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | <0.001 |
| DBP category† | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | <0.001 |
| TC, mg/dL | 159.7 | 163.8 | 192.5 | 173.6 | 166.6 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 46.4 | 45.6 | 44.8 | 45.2 | 45.8 | <0.001 |
| Smoking status, % | ||||||
| Never | 47.6 | 44.8 | 50.3 | 47.4 | 46.3 | |
| Former | 40.9 | 35.5 | 32.4 | 32.0 | 32.9 | <0.001 |
| Current | 6.8 | 12.3 | 10.5 | 12.0 | 12.1 | |
| Unknown | 4.7 | 7.4 | 6.8 | 8.6 | 8.7 | |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.6 | 13.7 | 14.5 | 14.0 | 13.6 | <0.001 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 73.0 | 73.9 | 84.3 | 82.1 | 76.6 | <0.001 |
| Diabetic complications, % | ||||||
| Macrovascular disease | 22.8 | 21.6 | 15.0 | 18.6 | 19.9 | <0.001 |
| Microvascular disease | 6.0 | 13.3 | 7.2 | 11.0 | 15.0 | <0.001 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.0 | <0.001 |
| 10 year HbA1c average, % | 7.2 | 8.7 | 9.2 | 9.5 | 9.4 | <0.001 |
| Year 1 HbA1c, % | 7.2 | 11.9 | 8.3 | 8.5 | 9.3 | <0.001 |
| Year 10 HbA1c, % | 7.2 | 8.0 | 11.4 | 8.9 | 8.3 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c, TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index
SI conversion factors: to convert TC and HDL-C to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.259; HbA1c to proportion of total hemoglobin, multiply by 0.01
*
SBP category 1= ≤120 mmHg, 2=121-129 mmHg, 3=130-139 mmHg, 4=140-159 mmHg, 5=160-179 mmHg, 6= ≥180 mmHg
†
DBP category 1= ≤80 mmHg, 81-84 mmHg, 3=85-89 mmHg, 4=90-99 mmHg, 5=100-109 mmHg, 6= ≥110 mmHg