Table 2.
Baseline characteristics and outcomes compared between patients who died in the ICU and patients who survived the ICU stay
| Variable | Deceased patients n = 91 |
Surviving patients n = 1660 |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years (mean ± SD)] | 54 ± 17 | 45 ± 15 | <0.0001 |
| Male gender [n (%)] | 46 (51) | 766 (46) | 0.42 |
| SAPS II score, points (mean ± SD) | 69 ± 21 | 36 ± 15 | <0.0001 |
| Mental disorder [n (%)] | |||
| Schizophrenia | 3 (3) | 94 (6) | 0.48 |
| Non-schizophrenia psychiatric disorder | 16 (21) | 218 (13) | 0.04 |
| Depression disorder | 50 (55) | 1008 (60) | 0.27 |
| Bipolar disorder | 12 (13) | 160 (10) | 0.26 |
| Anxiety disorder | 7 (8) | 180 (11) | 0.48 |
| Substance dependence (alcohol and/or drug addiction) | 14 (15) | 478 (29) | 0.003 |
| Transfer from psychiatric hospital or ward [n (%)] | 14 (15) | 116 (7) | 0.003 |
| Psychoactive medication before admission [n (%)] | |||
| None | 9 (10) | 189 (11) | 0.66 |
| Benzodiazepines | 58 (64) | 1138 (68) | 0.33 |
| Neuroleptics | 26 (28) | 471 (28) | 0.97 |
| Antipsychotics other than neuroleptics | 10 (11) | 165 (10) | 0.74 |
| Lithium | 3 (3) | 78 (5) | 0.53 |
| SSRIs | 18 (20) | 402 (24) | 0.33 |
| SNRIs | 1 (1) | 33 (2) | 0.55 |
| Tri- or tetracyclics antidepressants | 11 (12) | 215 (13) | 0.81 |
| MAOIs | 8 (9) | 140 (8) | 0.90 |
| Reason for admission [n (%)] | |||
| Deliberate self-poisoning with psychoactive medications | |||
| Alone | 15 (16) | 1067 (64) | <0.0001 |
| And/or with non-psychoactive medications | 10 (11) | 129 (8) | 0.27 |
| And/or with pesticides, household, or industrial products | 0 (0) | 28 (2) | 0.40 |
| And/or with hanging, drowning, jumping from buildings, or corrosive chemicals ingestion | 13 (14) | 18 (1) | <0.0001 |
| Respiratory failure | 14 (15) | 151 (9) | 0.06 |
| Shock | 15 (16) | 50 (3) | <0.0001 |
| CNS or peripheral disorder | 6 (7) | 76 (6) | 0.31 |
| Metabolic disorder | 1 (1) | 52 (3) | 0.52 |
| Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest | 14 (15) | 4 (0.2) | <0.0001 |
| Acute kidney injury | 0 (0) | 13 (0.5) | 0.99 |
| Non-deliberate psychoactive medication overdose | 2 (2) | 42 (2.5) | 0.99 |
| Miscellaneous | 3 (3) | 30 (2) | 0.24 |
| Chemical pneumonitis and/or aspiration pneumonia [n (%)] | 28 (31) | 451 (27) | 0.45 |
| Organ support in the ICU [n (%)] | |||
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 91 (100) | 1115 (67) | <0.0001 |
| Vasopressors | 84 (92) | 294 (18) | <0.0001 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 38 (42) | 138 (8) | <0.0001 |
| Acquired infection at any site | 14 (15) | 50 (3) | <0.0001 |
SAPS Simplified Acute Physiology Score, CNS central nervous system, SSRIs selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SNRIs selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, MAOIs monoamine oxidase inhibitors