Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants according to their altitude of residence.
| Altitude level | p-valuea | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range (m) | 0–121 | 122–456 | 457–2297 | |
| Median (m) | 43 | 330 | 591 | |
| Mean (m) | 48 | 317 | 635 | |
| Participants (n) | 2308 | 2374 | 2178 | |
| Age (y) | 41 (9) | 40 (9) | 40 (9) | 0.033 |
| Women (%) | 52.9 | 58.1 | 56.7 | 0.001 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 23.4 (2.7) | 23.2 (2.7) | 23.2 (2.8) | 0.012 |
| Physical activity (METs-h/week) | 23.2 (22.7) | 21.7 (23.3) | 21.4 (24.7) | 0.019 |
| Sitting time (h/d) | 5.2 (2.0) | 5.2 (2.1) | 5.2 (2.1) | 0.372 |
| Smoking status (%) | 0.823 | |||
| Current smokers | 19.9 | 21.2 | 21.6 | |
| Former smokers | 31.2 | 29.7 | 30.2 | |
| Total energy intake (Kcal/d) | 2467 (819) | 2542 (882) | 2556 (930) | 0.001 |
| Alcohol (g/d) | 7.0 (10.5) | 6.7 (9.7) | 7.0 (9.8) | 0.498 |
| Mediterranean dietary patternb | 4.3 (1.8) | 4.2 (1.8) | 4.2 (1.8) | 0.242 |
| Between-meals snacking (%) | 28.1 | 31.4 | 29.2 | 0.045 |
| Following special diets (%) | 6.8 | 6.0 | 5.2 | 0.086 |
| Sleeping time (h/d) | 7.3 (0.8) | 7.3 (0.8) | 7.3 (0.8) | 0.758 |
The SUN Project 1999–2012. Values are presented as mean (SD) when a percentage symbol (%) is not specified. m, meters; n, number of subjects; y, years; MET, metabolic equivalent task.
a
p-value for comparison between-groups calculated by one-way ANOVA for continuous variables or the χ2 test of linear trend for categorical variables.
b
Trichopoulou score (range of scores, 0–9, with higher scores indicating greater adherence).