Table 3.

Recommendation for improving the precision of policy recommendations of cost-effectiveness estimates of HPV vaccination in LMICs

Parameter	Recommendation	Example
Cost per vaccinated girl (CVG)
Vaccine price	Use the HPV vaccine price offered by the Vaccine Alliance (Gavi) for countries eligible for Gavi support and lowest public sector price offered by HPV vaccine manufacturers for non-Gavi-eligible countries	US$4.50 per dose for Gavi-eligible countries and US$13 per dose for non-Gavi-eligible countries
Other cost (social mobilization, training, vaccine procurement, vaccination, cold storage, waste management and administration/supervision)	Adapt the HPV vaccine delivery cost of other countries, where it has been established, to the country of study	Costing of HPV vaccine delivery to school girls in Mwanza Region, Tanzania adapted to other sub-Saharan African countries [54]
Vaccination coverage rate	Use previous country-specific vaccine coverage performance	33 % coverage of second dose of diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid and pertussis (DTP) vaccine in Nigeria [65]
Screening coverage rate	Use cervical cancer screening coverage rate of countries in the same geographical region	<20 % coverage rate of South Africa for sub-Saharan African countries [12]

HPV human papillomavirus, LMICs low- and middle-income countries, US$ US dollars