Figure 3.

LPS-stimulated M1 BMDMs and RAW 264.7 macrophages enhanced procalcification gene expression in VICs. After incubation for 24 h with LPS, BMDMs or RAW 264.7 macrophages were co-cultured with VICs in the presence of LPS, and (A) the activity of ALP and (B) osteocalcin mRNA and protein expression levels in VICs were examined. VICs were co-cultured with MVs isolated from LPS-M1 BMDMs and RAW 264.7 macrophages, and (C) ALP activity and (D) osteocalcin mRNA and protein expression were then analyzed. The data are presented as the mean ± SD. **P < 0.01 compared with the control.