Figure 5.

TWIST1 in VICs responded to miR-214 of M1 macrophage-derived MVs, and its response to miR-214 controlled M1 macrophage-induced VIC calcification. BMDMs and RAW 264.7 macrophages were pretreated with a miR-214 inhibitor or negative control (NC) and then exposed to LPS to induce M1 macrophages. MVs isolated from this medium were co-cultured with VICs, VIC^si-TWIST1, or a VIC^si-control. (A) TWIST1 mRNA and protein expression levels, (B) ALP activity, and (C) Osteocalcin mRNA and protein expression levels in VICs were measured. The data are presented as the mean ± SD. **P < 0.01 compared with the NC, ##P < 0.01 compared with the miR-214 inhibitor +si-control.