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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 4.
Published in final edited form as: Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2015 Apr 15;63(1):113–124. doi: 10.1002/bab.1344

FIG. 7.

FIG. 7

Column histograms of the cytotoxic effects of ZnO, ZnO-porphyrins, MTCP, and CuMTCP in T-47D and Du145 cells in the dark, and under UV or X-ray irradiations. Cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT assay in the presence of ZnO, ZnO—porphyrins, and free porphyrins (MTCP and CuMTCP). Untreated T-47D and Du145 cells (no drug treatment and no irradiation) were used as the control in (A) and (B) exhibiting 100% viability. The used controls in (C)–(F) were drug-treated cells receiving irradiation. (A) Each set of data (triple columns) relates to the three different concentrations of ZnO-based nanoparticles (10 μM, black column; 30 μM, dark gray; 60 μM, gray) in the dark condition. (B) Concentrations of the free porphyrins (MTCP or CuMTCP) were 0.75 μM, black column; 1.5 μM, dark gray; and 7.5 μM, gray in dark condition. The concentration of the porphyrins, when they were bound to the nanoparticles, was 1.5 μM. (C) Percent viability of T-47D and Du145 cells incubated with ZnO, ZnO-MTCP, and ZnO-CuMTCP (10, 30, and 60 μM) under UV irradiation. (D) The free porphyrins (MTCP or CuMTCP) effects on T-47D and Du145 cells in concentrations of 0.75, 1.5, and 7.5 μM under UV irradiation. (E) Percent viability of T-47D and Du145 cells incubated with ZnO, ZnO-MTCP. and ZnO-CuMTCP (10, 30, and 60 μM) under X-ray irradiation (0.94 Gy for 30 Sec). (F) The free porphyrin effects (MTCP or CuMTCP) on T-47D and Du145 cells were studied in concentrations of 0.75, 1.5, and 7.5 μM under X-ray irradiation. Statistical analysis was performed between dark or UV and also dark and X-ray states for at least three separate experiments. The time and intensity of UV or X-ray irradiation in our studies was adjusted using several assessments to obtain an adequate condition in which no cytotoxic effects were seen for UV or X-ray alone. Thus, toxicity of UV and X-ray were negligible by themselves and it is eliminated in the presentation of data. P < 0.05 means statistically significant between two states of dark and UV or X-ray and is indicated with the * symbol.