Table 1.
Summary of Citrobacter koseri musculoskeletal infections. All cases were cured.
| Reference | Age in years | Site | Type of infection | Co-morbidities | Antibiotics (duration inweeks)* | Surgery | Cultures** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lipsky, 198012 | 59 | Foot | Osteomyelitis | DM, PVD | Cefazolin (NA) | Amputation | C koseri |
| Lipsky, 198012 | 54 | Foot | Osteomyelitis | DM, BPD | Erythromycin + cefazolin + meticillin (NA) | Amputation | S aureus, S agalactiae, C koseri |
| Jansen, 198115 | Neonate | Proximal tibia | Osteomyelitis | Intrapartum asphyxia | Cefamandole + gentamicin (6) | Nil | C koseri |
| Holt, 198119 | 47 | Sternoclavicular joint | Septic arthritis, osteomyelitis | Hypoprothrombinaemia, alcoholism | Moxalactam (6), followed by cefradine (8) | Spontaneous drainage | C koseri |
| Fuxench-Chiesa, 198320 | 45 | Sternoclavicular joint | Septic arthritis, osteomyelitis | Alcoholism | Moxalactam (6) | Open drainage | C koseri |
| Boberg, 198421 | 45 | Foot (surgical site infection) | Osteomyelitis | HTN, hypothyroidism | Cefotaxime (2), followed by cefalexin (2) | Resection of 4th metatarsal head | C koseri |
| Simons, 198522 | 70 | Foot | Osteomyelitis | NA | Aztreonam (4) | Debridement | C koseri, S aureus |
| Müllner, 199223 | 74 | Lumbar vertebraea | Osteomyelitis | Pneumonia, OA, AF, cholelithiasis, GORD, smoker | Ofloxacin (3), followed by ciprofloxacin (2) | Debridement | C koseri, K pneumoniae, S epidermidis |
| Sotto, 199424 | 72 | Cervical vertebrae and disc | Discitis, osteomyelitis | Angina, HTN, recent prostatectomy | Amikacin (3) + imipenem (11) | Percutaneous drainage | C koseri |
| Hayani, 199716 | Neonate | Glenohumeral joint | Septic arthritis, osteomyelitis | Proximal humerus fracture | Gentamicin + ceftriaxone (3) | Debridement | C koseri |
| Canario, 200425 | 42 | Vertebrae, psoas muscle | Osteomyelitis, abscess | TB, infected metalwork | Levofloxacin (>4)b | Laminectomy, drainage and metal removal | C koseri |
| Maynou, 200626 | 54 | Shoulder prosthesisc | Septic arthritis | NA | NA (12) | Prosthesis resection | C koseri |
| Kaufman, 201127 | 53 | Hip prosthesis | Septic arthritis | DM, gout, obesity, HTN | Ertapenem (6) | Debridement, prosthesis exchange | C koseri |
| Yagci, 201128 | 68 | Foot | Osteomyelitis | DM, PVD | Piperacillin/tazobactam (3), followed by moxifloxacin (3) | Debridement | E coli, C koseri |
| Present case | 72 | Knee | Septic arthritis | Gout, hypercholesterolaemia | Ertapenem (4) | Arthroscopic washout | C koseri |
AF = atrial fibrillation; BPD = bronchopulmonary dysplasia; DM = diabetes mellitus; GORD = gastro-oesophageal reflux; HTN = hypertension; NA = not available; OA = osteoarthritis; PVD = peripheral vascular disease; TB = tuberculosis
*The duration of antibiotic treatment has been rounded to the nearest week.
**Cases reported as C diversus have been listed as C koseri.
aCase consisted of two admissions; bPatient treated with 4 weeks of oral levofloxacin in addition to an undefined period of parenteral treatment; cLimited information available as case reported within a wider series