Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Characteristic | Controls (n = 31) |
Portopulmonary hypertension (n = 21) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 58.0 (50.0–65.0) | 55.0 (48.0–63.0) | NS |
| Female sex | 9 (29.0) | 5 (23.8) | NS |
| Race/ethnicity | NS | ||
| White | 25 (80.6) | 15 (71.4) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 4 (12.9) | 4 (19) | |
| Black | 2 (6.5) | 2 (9.5) | |
| Other | 0 | 2 (9.5) | |
| Comorbidities | NS | ||
| Hypertension | 17 (54.8) | 10 (47.6) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 16 (51.6) | 10 (47.6) | |
| ESRD with hemodialysis | 3 (9.7) | 1 (4.8) | |
| HCC | 5 (16.1) | 4 (19.0) | |
| Systemic glucocorticoid use | 3 (9.7) | 1 (5.3) (n = 19) | |
| Etiology of liver disease | NS | ||
| Alcohol | 15 (48.4) | 11 (52.4) | |
| HCV infection | 9 (29.0) | 8 (38.1) | |
| HCV infection plus alcohol | 1 (3.2) | 4 (19.0) | |
| Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | 4 (12.9) | 1 (4.8) | |
| Autoimmune | 0 | 1 (4.8) | |
| Other | 9 (29.0) | 4 (23.8) | |
| Liver disease severity | |||
| MELD | 17 (12–24) | 11 (9–14) | 0.002 |
| Child class | <0.001 | ||
| A | 2 (6.5) | 9 (42.9) | |
| B | 13 (41.9) | 11 (52.4) | |
| C | 16 (51.6) | 1 (4.8) | |
| Physical examination | |||
| Body mass index | 28.6 (25.6–32.3) (n = 27) | 29.1 (23.7–35.0) (n = 16) | NS |
| Oxygen saturation | 97 (95.5–99.0) (n = 29) | 96 (95–98) (n = 18) | NS |
| Tricuspid regurgitation gradient by echocardiogram, mmHg | 37 (35–45) (n = 26) | 53 (42–68) (n = 20) | 0.002 |
| Hemodynamic characteristics | |||
| mPAP, mmHg | 24 (19–30) | 38 (31–48) | <0.001 |
| PAWP, mmHg | 15.5 (11.5–20) | 10 (5.5–13.5) | <0.001 |
| PVR, dynes˙s˙cm−5 | 86.4 (50.4–119.0) | 327.7 (267.0–534.9) | <0.001 |
| CO, L/min | 7.7 (6.7–10.3) | 6.3 (5.3–7.6) | 0.001 |
Note
Patients may have had more than one listed race/ethnicity, diagnosis, or comorbidity. Data are expressed as median (interquartile range) or number (%). CO: cardiac output; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV: hepatitis C virus; MELD: model for end-stage liver disease; mPAP: mean pulmonary arterial pressure; NS: not significant; PAWP: pulmonary arterial wedge pressure; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance.