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. 2015 Oct 1;97(7):481–486. doi: 10.1308/rcsann.2015.0008

Figure 1 .

Figure 1

Important genetic defects that characterise the diverse pathways underlying urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC): Low grade, non-invasive papillary tumours are associated with mutations in either RAS pathway components or FGFR3, which are thought to be mutually exclusive. High grade, muscle invasive tumours are associated with loss of p53 or retinoblastoma protein function.