TABLE I.
Results of Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) and Dynamometry [van der Ploeg et al., 1991; Peterson-Kendall et al., 2005]
| Movement tested | MMT muscle force (0–5)
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Right | Left | |||
| Shoulder anteflexion | 3 | 3 | ||
| Shoulder abduction | 4 | 4 | ||
| Elbow flexion | 4 | 4 | ||
| Elbow extension | 3 | 3 | ||
| Wrist flexion | 4 | 4 | ||
| Wrist extension | 3 | 3 | ||
| Hip flexion | 3 | 3 | ||
| Hip extension | 4 | 4 | ||
| Hip abduction | 4 | 4 | ||
| Knee flexion | 4 | 3 | ||
| Knee extension | 3 | 3 | ||
| Foot dorsal flexion | 3 | 3 | ||
| Foot plantar flexion | 3 | 3 | ||
| Neck flexion | 4 | |||
| Trunk flexion | 3 | |||
| Dynamometry muscle force (N)
|
||||
| Right | Left | p5 of normal female subjects | ||
| Shoulder abduction | 32 | 37 | 72 | |
| Flexion elbow | 53 | 33 | 127 | |
| Extension elbow | 33 | 26 | 68 | |
| Grip strength | 27 | 14 | 58 | |
| Knee extension | 27 | 27 | >160 | |
The muscle force was measured three times, and the outcomes were averaged.
The measurement of knee extension was painful at the shin and therefore probably reflecting submaximal force.