Table 1.
Patient characteristics of haemodynamically stable patients presenting after blunt abdominal injury stratified by FAST-exam result
| Positive FAST (n = 14) | Negative FAST (n = 401) | Missing | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age mean | 35 (24–45)* | 44 (42–46) | |
| Gender (men) n (%) | 10 (71%) | 265 (65%) | |
| Medication n (%) | |||
| Vitamin K antagonist or LMWH | 0 | 47 (12%) | 8 |
| Trauma mechanism n (%) | |||
| MVC | 7 (50%) | 131 (32%) | |
| Motorcycle | 2 (14%) | 30 (7%) | |
| Scooter/moped | 0 | 18 (4%) | |
| Bicycle | 1 (7.1%) | 59 (14%) | |
| Pedestrian | 1 (7.1%) | 12 (3%) | |
| Beaten with blunt object | 0 | 6 (2%) | |
| Low-energy fall | 0 | 63 (16%) | |
| High-energy falla | 2 (14%) | 50 (13%) | |
| Other blunt trauma | 1 (7.1%) | 37 (9%) | |
| Vital Signs | |||
| HR (bpm) | 91 (77–104) | 81 (79–84) | 17 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 127 (113–140) | 140 (136–144) | |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 84 (68–99) | 84 (81–87) | 1 |
| RR (rpm) | 27 (13–37)* | 18 (17–19) | 98 |
| Saturation (%) | 97 (92–101) | 97 (95–99) | 9 |
| Temperature (°C) | 35.6 (34.8–36.5) | 36.1 (35.6–36.6) | 208 |
| GCS score (range) | 12 (3–15)** | 14 (3–15) | 73 |
| Laboratory values | |||
| Hb (mmol/L) | 7.3 (6.3–8.3)** | 8.7 (8.3–9.0) | 6 |
| Leucocytes (x10^9/L) | 17.7 (13.7–21.8)** | 12.9 (11.4–14.5) | 9 |
| Thrombocytes (x10^9/L) | 223 (184–261) | 243 (236–249) | 8 |
| Bilirubin total (μmol/L) | 6 (3–8) | 7 (6–7) | 12 |
| Amylase (U/L) | 61 (53–68) | 66 (55–77) | 12 |
| AST (U/L) | 310 (76–544)** | 54 (46–63) | 9 |
| CK tot (U/L) (range) | 566 (142–1214)** | 445 (300–588) | 23 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 84 (77–90)* | 74 (71–78) | 26 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 2.9 (1.6–4.2) | 2.2 (1.9–2.5) | 178 |
| BE (mmol/l) | –6 (−11 – −1) | −2 (−2 – −1) | 223 |
| HCO3- (mmol/l) | 20 (17–23) | 23 (22–23) | 223 |
| pH | 7.25 (7.13–7.38) | 7.38 (7.37–7.39) | 223 |
| PT (sec) | 12.8 (11.6–14.0)** | 12 (11–13) | 36 |
| aPTT (sec) | 33 (17–49) | 25 (25–26) | 50 |
| Interventions and Injury severity score | |||
| Pre-hospital or ED Intubation | 10 (71%)** | 84 (21%) | |
| Pre-hospital or ED CPR | 3 (21.1%)** | 4 (0.9%) | |
| Pre-hospital or ED thoracostomy | 4 (28%)** | 30 (7%) | |
| ISS score | 44 (37–52)** | 16 (14–17) | |
LMWH low molecular weight heparin, MVC motor vehicle collision, SBP systolic blood pressure, HR heart rate, DBP, diastolic blood pressure, RR respiratory rate, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, Hb hemoglobin, CK creatine kinase, PT prothrombin time, aPTT activated partial thromboplastin time, ISS Injury Severity Score, ED emergency department, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, RBC red blood cells, FFP fresh frozen plasma
*denotes p < 0.05 “compared to negative FAST”; **denotes p < 0.01 compared to “negative FAST”
aHigh-energy fall: from height >2-3x body length