Table 1.
Clinical and Angiographic Characteristics Stratified by Serum Creatinine
| Variable | Serum Creatinine, mg/dL | P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤0.7 (n=498) | 0.71–1.0 (n=2923) | 1.01–1.4 (n=4302) | >1.4 (n=1669) | ||
| Demographics and risk factors | |||||
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 75.3 (6.6) | 74.9 (6.3) | 75.8 (6.6) | 77.2 (6.7) | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 116 (23) | 1575 (54) | 3230 (75) | 1295 (78) | <0.001 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 28.7 (6.1) | 29.0 (5.5) | 29.4 (5.2) | 29.9 (5.7) | <0.001 |
| MI <24 hours, n (%) | 108 (22) | 508 (18) | 654 (15) | 243 (15) | <0.001 |
| Preprocedural shock, n (%) | 14 (3) | 63 (2) | 159 (4) | 102 (6) | <0.001 |
| Canadian Heart Class (III, IV, V), n (%) | 259 (52) | 1649 (56) | 2365 (55) | 877 (53) | 0.044 |
| Current CHF status, n (%) | 68 (14) | 316 (11) | 698 (17) | 566 (36) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 145 (29) | 740 (25) | 1235 (29) | 703 (42) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 412 (85) | 2323 (82) | 3472 (83) | 1485 (91) | <0.001 |
| History of cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL, n (%) | 379 (81) | 2413 (87) | 3524 (87) | 1368 (87) | 0.002 |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 53 (11) | 226 (8) | 224 (5) | 80 (5) | <0.001 |
| Prior PTCA, n (%) | 155 (31) | 1027 (35) | 1723 (40) | 700 (42) | <0.001 |
| Prior CABG, n (%) | 67 (13) | 699 (24) | 1321 (31) | 647 (39) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 54 (11) | 315 (11) | 610 (15) | 462 (28) | <0.001 |
| CVA/TIA, n (%) | 56 (11) | 414 (14) | 669 (16) | 377 (23) | <0.001 |
| Moderate or severe renal disease, n (%) | 1 (0) | 12 (0) | 65 (2) | 321 (20) | <0.001 |
| COPD, n (%) | 82 (16) | 357 (12) | 584 (14) | 339 (21) | <0.001 |
| Peptic ulcer disease, n (%) | 42 (8) | 213 (7) | 306 (7) | 144 (9) | 0.19 |
| Tumor, lymphoma, or leukemia, n (%) | 90 (18) | 504 (17) | 772 (18) | 312 (19) | 0.66 |
| Metastatic cancer, n (%) | 8 (2) | 24 (1) | 65 (2) | 27 (2) | 0.041 |
| Cardiac arrest before procedure, n (%) | 1 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 2 (0) | 0.91 |
| LVEF ≤40%, n (%) | 37 (7) | 298 (10) | 556 (13) | 326 (20) | <0.001 |
| Procedural characteristics | |||||
| Multivessel disease, n (%) | 291 (62) | 1859 (67) | 2884 (71) | 1167 (74) | <0.001 |
| Type C lesion, n (%) | 241 (51) | 1420 (51) | 2096 (51) | 912 (58) | <0.001 |
| Thrombus, n (%) | 138 (29) | 671 (24) | 925 (23) | 339 (22) | 0.009 |
| Bifurcation in any lesion, n (%) | 98 (21) | 521 (19) | 672 (17) | 246 (16) | 0.006 |
| TIMI flow 0–1 before procedure, n (%) | 90 (21) | 435 (18) | 606 (18) | 216 (17) | 0.30 |
| PCI, n (%) | 0.023 | ||||
| Elective | 166 (33) | 1035 (35) | 1563 (36) | 548 (33) | |
| Urgent | 236 (47) | 1431 (49) | 2093 (49) | 844 (51) | |
| Emergency | 96 (19) | 457 (16) | 645 (15) | 275 (16) | |
| Use of drug‐eluting stents, n (%) | 318 (64) | 1693 (58) | 2053 (48) | 739 (44) | <0.001 |
| TIMI 3 after procedure in all lesions, n (%) | 457 (94) | 2679 (96) | 3877 (94) | 1495 (94) | 0.07 |
| Prophylactic intra‐aortic balloon pump, n (%) | 11 (2) | 49 (2) | 80 (2) | 37 (2) | 0.58 |
| GP IIb/IIIa use, n (%) | 306 (61) | 1662 (57) | 2335 (54) | 795 (48) | <0.001 |
| Discharge medications | |||||
| Aspirin, n (%) | 476 (97) | 2822 (97) | 4076 (95) | 1542 (94) | 0.001 |
| Beta blocker, n (%) | 426 (86) | 2481 (85) | 3555 (83) | 1352 (83) | 0.14 |
| Calcium channel blocker, n (%) | 101 (20) | 542 (19) | 769 (18) | 438 (27) | <0.001 |
| Lipid‐lowering agent, n (%) | 139 (28) | 1314 (45) | 2437 (57) | 916 (56) | <0.001 |
| Clopidogrel, n (%) | 471 (95) | 2795 (96) | 4043 (94) | 1527 (92) | <0.001 |
| In‐hospital outcomes | |||||
| In‐hospital death, n (%) | 9 (2) | 28 (1) | 69 (2) | 61 (4) | <0.001 |
| In‐hospital any MI, n (%) | 20 (4) | 123 (4) | 219 (5) | 99 (6) | 0.047 |
The following variables had <2% missing: moderate or severe renal disease; history of MI; MI <24 hours; tumor, lymphoma, or leukemia; cardiac arrest preprocedure; body mass index; use of drug‐eluting stents; diabetes mellitus; GP IIb/IIIa use; metastatic cancer; multivessel disease; prior CABG; preprocedural shock; PCI (elective, urgent, or emergency); aspirin; beta blocker; calcium channel blocker; lipid‐lowering agent; and clopidogrel. The following variables had other percentages missing: current CHF status, 5.4%; COPD, 2.1%; CVA/TIA, 2.1%; history of cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL, 5.5%; hypertension, 2.7%; peptic ulcer disease, 2.9%; peripheral vascular disease, 2.5%; current smokers, 2.7%; TIMI 3 after procedure, 4.5%. All other variables did not have any missing data. BMI indicates body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass surgery; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; GP, glycoprotein; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PTCA, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; TIA, transient ischemic attack; TIMI, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction.