Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of MASALA and MESA Participants by Racial/Ethnic Group
| South Asian N=803 | Whites N=2622 | Black N=1893 | Latino N=1496 | Chinese American N=803 | P Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 57±9 | 63±10 | 62±10 | 61±10 | 62±10 | <0.001 |
| Male sex (%) | 424 (53) | 1259 (48) | 843 (45) | 721 (48) | 390 (49) | 0.002 |
| Medical history (%) | ||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 168 (21) | 158 (6) | 332 (18) | 264 (18) | 105 (13) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 347 (43) | 1010 (39) | 1126 (59) | 621 (42) | 301 (37) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 26 (3) | 301 (12) | 338 (18) | 203 (14) | 45 (6) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol use (≥1 drinks/wk) | 260 (32) | 1667 (64) | 961 (52) | 697 (47) | 171 (21) | <0.001 |
| Heart disease in first‐degree relative | 373 (47) | 377 (14) | 298 (16) | 252 (17) | 52 (7) | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol medication use | 242 (30) | 460 (18) | 312 (16) | 211 (14) | 118 (15) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26±4 | 28±5 | 30±6 | 29±5 | 24±3 | <0.001 |
| LDL‐cholesterol, mmol/L | 111±32 | 117±30 | 116±33 | 120±33 | 115±29 | <0.001 |
| Exercise (MET‐min/wk), IQR | 945 (315–1838) | 1853 (870–3360) | 1654 (630–3570) | 1200 (428–2730) | 1230 (593–2423) | <0.001 |
| CAC score | ||||||
| Median in those with CAC >0, IQR | 80 (25–275) | 117 (26–374) | 73 (20–261) | 72 (19–254) | 65 (22–200) | <0.001 |
| Ordinal category | — | — | — | — | — | <0.001 |
| CAC=0 (%) | 441 (55) | 1127 (43) | 1072 (57) | 818 (55) | 399 (50) | N/A |
| CAC 1 to 100 (%) | 193 (24) | 701 (27) | 464 (25) | 393 (26) | 236 (29) | N/A |
| CAC >100 (%) | 169 (21) | 794 (30) | 357 (19) | 285 (19) | 168 (21) | N/A |
| Radiographically detected adiposity | ||||||
| Subcutaneous abdominal, cm2 | 236±95 | 253±115 | 298±132 | 264±108 | 177±72 | <0.001 |
| Visceral abdominal, cm2 | 137±57 | 159±75 | 128±60 | 164±65 | 114±49 | <0.001 |
| Total intermuscular abdominal, cm2 | 22±9 | 28±12 | 21±12 | 26±12 | 19±8 | <0.001 |
| Intrahepatic fat (HU of attenuation)b | 55±11 | 61±12 | 63±12 | 59±14 | 62±12 | <0.001 |
| Pericardial, cm3 | 60±30 | 85±46 | 67±35 | 88±44 | 74±31 | <0.001 |
BMI indicates body mass index; CAC, coronary artery calcium; HU, Hounsfield unit; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; MASALA, Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America; MESA, Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; MET, metabolic equivalent of task.
a
Multiway P value for homogeneity using ANOVA for continuous variables or chi‐squared tests for categorical variable.
b
Radiographically measured hepatic fat attenuation (in HU) is inversely correlated with intrahepatic fat (ie, lower HU=more fat).