Table 1.
Baseline Clinical Characteristic of VAACS and Non‐VAACS Patients
| Variable | Non‐VAACS (n=837) | VAACS (n=149) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 56.8±9.2 | 54.5±9.7 | 0.01 |
| Male | 712 (85.1) | 127 (85.2) | 1.00 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.4±2.7 | 24.1±3.1 | 0.23 |
| Typical morning angina | 618 (73.8) | 96 (64.4) | 0.022 |
| Medical history | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 170 (20.3) | 60 (40.3) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 315 (37.6) | 68 (45.6) | 0.07 |
| Current smoking | 229 (27.4) | 50 (33.6) | 0.14 |
| Dyslipidemia | 182 (21.7) | 21 (14.1) | 0.04 |
| History of PCI | 64 (7.6) | 14 (9.4) | 0.51 |
| History of MI | 14 (1.7) | 18 (12.1) | <0.001 |
| History of stroke | 11 (1.3) | 4 (2.7) | 0.26 |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 14.5±1.4 | 14.2±1.8 | 0.042 |
| White blood cells, ×103/μL | 6.9±1.9 | 8.5±3.7 | <0.001 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 114±34 | 134±53 | <0.001 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 15.0±4.2 | 14.9±5.1 | 0.80 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.92±0.18 | 0.87±0.22 | 0.004 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 173±36 | 161±36 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 162±114 | 156±118 | 0.61 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 48±12 | 45±12 | 0.013 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 106±31 | 97±31 | 0.002 |
| Hs‐CRP, mg/dL | 0.31±1.18 | 1.07±3.17 | <0.001 |
| LVEF, % | 64.3±6.5 | 61.8±8.8 | 0.001 |
| Medical treatments at discharge | |||
| Aspirin | 532 (63.8) | 93 (62.4) | 0.78 |
| Statin | 372 (44.6) | 85 (57.0) | 0.006 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 798 (95.7) | 142 (95.3) | 0.83 |
| Nitrate | 310 (37.2) | 78 (52.3) | 0.001 |
| Nicorandil | 270 (32.4) | 59 (39.6) | 0.09 |
| ACEI or ARB | 159 (19.1) | 38 (25.5) | 0.08 |
Values are mean±SD or n (%). ACEI indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood nitrogen urea; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; Hs‐CRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; VAACS, vasospastic angina presenting with acute coronary syndrome.