Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Treated With and Without Surgical Ablation
| Overall Cohort | PSM Cohort | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonablated Group (n=1160) | Ablated Group (n=408) | P Value | Nonablated Group (n=406) | Ablated Group (n=406) | P Value | |
| Age, y | 46.9±14.7 | 46.3±14.5 | 0.321 | 45.9±15.2 | 46.3±14.5 | 0.654 |
| Male | 457 (39.4) | 163 (40.0) | 0.860 | 174 (42.9) | 163 (40.1) | 0.476 |
| BSA, m2 | 1.71±0.23 | 1.70±0.25 | 0.217 | 1.70±0.25 | 1.70±0.25 | 0.764 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.3±3.7 | 22.2±3.8 | 0.599 | 22.3±3.8 | 22.3±3.8 | 0.944 |
| NYHA class | 2.9±0.7 | 2.9±0.7 | 0.942 | 2.9±0.7 | 2.9±0.7 | 0.728 |
| Smoking | 301 (25.9) | 117 (28.7) | 0.298 | 120 (29.6) | 116 (28.6) | 0.817 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 129 (11.1) | 50 (12.3) | 0.528 | 49 (12.1) | 50 (12.3) | 1.000 |
| Hypertension | 242 (20.9) | 110 (27.0) | 0.013 | 101 (24.9) | 108 (26.6) | 0.630 |
| Stroke | 64 (5.5) | 18 (4.4) | 0.439 | 18 (4.4) | 18 (4.4) | 1.000 |
| CAD | 154 (13.3) | 65 (15.9) | 0.185 | 62 (15.3) | 64 (15.8) | 0.923 |
| COPD | 65 (5.6) | 21 (5.1) | 0.801 | 21 (5.2) | 21 (5.2) | 1.000 |
| CRI | 17 (1.5) | 6 (1.5) | 1.000 | 5 (1.2) | 6 (1.5) | 1.000 |
| CHADS2 score | 0.71±1.28 | 0.78±1.43 | 0.048 | 0.75±1.30 | 0.78±1.43 | 0.758 |
| EuroSCORE | 0.78±1.18 | 0.75±1.07 | 0.140 | 0.72±1.04 | 0.75±1.07 | 0.690 |
| AF duration, months | 2.8±0.8 | 2.8±0.8 | 0.114 | 2.8±0.8 | 2.8±0.7 | 0.814 |
| Etiolgy | ||||||
| Rheumatic | 910 (78.4) | 311 (76.2) | 0.368 | 305 (75.1) | 309 (76.1) | 0.806 |
| Degenerative | 157 (13.5) | 59 (14.5) | 0.676 | 64 (15.8) | 59 (14.5) | 0.696 |
| Endocarditis | 54 (4.7) | 24 (5.9) | 0.354 | 23 (5.7) | 24 (5.9) | 1.000 |
| Functional | 39 (3.4) | 14 (3.4) | 1.000 | 14 (3.4) | 14 (3.4) | 1.000 |
| Medication | ||||||
| ACEI | 215 (18.9) | 84 (20.6) | 0.379 | 80 (19.7) | 83 (20.4) | 0.861 |
| ARB | 73 (6.3) | 24 (5.9) | 0.812 | 24 (5.9) | 24 (5.9) | 1.000 |
| CCB | 20 (1.7) | 10 (2.5) | 0.400 | 10 (2.5) | 9 (2.2) | 1.000 |
| Beta‐blocker | 142 (12.2) | 56 (13.7) | 0.436 | 47 (11.6) | 56 (13.8) | 0.399 |
| Digitalis | 266 (22.9) | 90 (22.1) | 0.732 | 95 (23.4) | 90 (22.2) | 0.738 |
| Diuretics | 267 (23.0) | 82 (20.1) | 0.240 | 85 (20.9) | 82 (20.2) | 0.862 |
| Amiodarone | 57 (4.9) | 30 (7.4) | 0.078 | 25 (6.2) | 29 (7.1) | 0.673 |
| LVESD, mm | 34.9±10.7 | 35.3±13.6 | 0.802 | 34.6±8.6 | 35.4±13.6 | 0.360 |
| LVEDD, mm | 51.3±7.0 | 51.3±9.4 | 0.098 | 51.2±10.1 | 51.4±9.5 | 0.859 |
| sPAP, mm Hg | 41.5±8.8 | 40.5±8.7 | 0.192 | 40.6±8.7 | 40.5±8.7 | 0.877 |
| LAD, mm | 55.9±12.4 | 55.5±12.6 | 0.953 | 55.4±11.8 | 55.6±12.6 | 0.843 |
| LVEF, % | 59.0±7.6 | 58.6±7.9 | 0.424 | 58.0±7.9 | 58.7±7.9 | 0.275 |
| RAA, mm2 | 19.6±4.3 | 19.5±4.3 | 0.528 | 19.9±4.2 | 19.5±4.3 | 0.167 |
| RVSI | 2.0±0.6 | 1.9±0.4 | 0.967 | 1.9±0.6 | 1.9±0.4 | 0.874 |
| RVFAC, % | 42.5±6.0 | 42.6±6.3 | 0.141 | 42.5±6.1 | 42.6±6.3 | 0.857 |
| TAD, cm | 37.1±3.5 | 36.9±3.6 | 0.271 | 37.1±3.6 | 36.9±3.6 | 0.442 |
| TR grade | 1.1±0.6 | 1.1±0.7 | 0.039 | 1.1±0.6 | 1.2±0.7 | 0.661 |
| CABG | 56 (4.8) | 19 (4.7) | 1.000 | 19 (4.7) | 19 (4.7) | 1.000 |
| MV repair | 152 (13.1) | 40 (9.8) | 0.095 | 36 (8.9) | 40 (9.9) | 0.718 |
| MV replacement | 1008 (86.9) | 368 (90.2) | 0.095 | 370 (91.1) | 366 (90.1) | 0.718 |
| Anuloplasty ring | 152 (13.1) | 40 (9.8) | 0.187 | 36 (8.9) | 40 (9.9) | 0.880 |
| Mechanic valve | 708 (61.0) | 264 (64.7) | 0.187 | 265 (65.3) | 264 (65.0) | 0.880 |
| Bioprosthetic valve | 300 (25.9) | 104 (25.5) | 0.187 | 105 (25.9) | 102 (25.1) | 0.880 |
| CPB, minute | 105.2±38.1 | 109.5±37.6 | 0.873 | 110.1±38.2 | 109.3±37.6 | 0.778 |
| ACT, minute | 68.9±28.1 | 72.0±28.6 | 0.403 | 71.3±28.9 | 71.8±28.6 | 0.839 |
ACEI indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ACT, aortic clamp time; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCB, calcium‐channel blocker; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; CRI, chronic renal insufficiency; LAD, left atrial diameter; LVEDD, left ventricle end‐diastolic dimension; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; LVESD, left ventricle end‐systolic dimension; MV, mitral valve; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PSM, propensity‐score matching; RAA, right atrial area; RVFAC, right ventricle fractional area change; RVSI, right ventricle sphericity index; sPAP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; TAD, tricuspid annulus diameter; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.