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. 2016 Dec 20;5(12):e004509. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.004509

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© 2016 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Yearly incidence of acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis (AKI‐D) by age (A), sex (B), and race or ethnicity (C) in atrial fibrillation hospitalizations in the United States from 2003 to 2012. Dots are incidence for each year, and brackets are associated standard errors. A, The younger age group in 2003 had 0% AKI‐D and then had a rapid rise to until 2011 and then a drop off in 2012. Both groups increased at similar rates. B, Although both males and females started at similar rates of AKI‐D in 2003, males had a more rapid rise in AKI‐D incidence. C, Black patients had both higher absolute rates and higher rise in rates from 2003 to 2012. Analysis was done using the Cochran‐Armitage trend test.