NK2 homeobox 5 (Nkx2‐5) exerts protective effect in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice. A and B, ApoE−/− mice fed a chow diet were administrated adenovirus and sacrificed at 20 weeks. Cross‐sections of aortic sinus were stained with Oil Red O, and lesion areas were quantified. Data are expressed as mean±SEM (n=12 for Ad‐EV, 14 for Ad‐Nkx2‐5, 12 for Ad‐shNC, and 13 for the Ad‐shNkx2‐5–treated group). C and D, ApoE−/− mice fed a Western diet were administrated adenovirus and sacrificed at 22 weeks. Cross‐sections of aortic sinus were stained with Oil Red O, and lesion areas were quantified. Data are expressed as mean±SEM (n=14 for Ad‐EV, 13 for Ad‐Nkx2‐5, 15 for Ad‐shNC, and 13 for the Ad‐shNkx2‐5–treated group). E and F, ApoE−/− mice fed a Western diet were administrated adenovirus and sacrificed at 22 weeks. Lesion areas of thoracoabdominal aorta were evaluated by en face staining with Oil Red O. Data are expressed as mean±SEM (n=12 per group).