Effects of ethylene on the proteins engaged in ethylene biosynthesis and signaling transduction pathways in petunia. Differentially expressed proteins based on statistical significance in this study are framed in ovals, and differentially ubiquitinated and phosphorylated proteins are framed in circles. Red shapes indicate up-regulation; green shapes indicate down-regulation; and white shapes indicate no significant changes upon ethylene treatment. ACC, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; ACO, ACC oxidase; ACS, ACC synthase; Cb5, cytochrome b5; CTR1, CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1; EIN, ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE; EIN2-C, EIN2 C-terminal end; EIN2-N, EIN2 N-terminal end; ETR1, ETHYLENE RESPONSE1; RTE1, REVERSION TO ETHYLENE SENSITIVITY1; SAM, S-adenosyl-Met; SAMS, S-adenosyl-Met synthetase; U, ubiquitination; UTR, untranslated region.