Figure 1.

Morphological comparisons between the wild type and ipe1. A and B, No significant difference was observed between the wild type (A) and ipe1 (B) at the tasseling stage. C and D, Mutant anthers (D) are hidden in the glume compared with wild-type anthers (C) after flowering. E and F, In the wild type, six anthers are filled and dark yellow (E), whereas ipe1 anthers are wilted, smaller, and brown (F). G and H, At the mature pollen grain stage, by staining with 1% odine-potassium iodide (I₂-KI) solution, abundant mature pollen grains are present in wild-type anthers (G) but completely absent in ipe1 mutant anthers (H). Bars = 50 μm.