Table 1.

(A) Several areas carried a signal for learnt information (relative reward outcome minus relative effort outcome) as an inverse outcome value signal, in other words a signal related to the value of the alternative choice compared to the value of the action actually taken. (B) Other areas signaled outcomes to be learnt as the value of the action actually taken relative to the value of the alternative action. (C) Areas in which individual differences in the strength of the neural signal for the learnt information correlated with the behavioral use of the learnt information. All results are cluster-corrected at whole-brain level (z > 2.3, p<0.05, with actual p-value and number of voxels in the cluster indicated in the table). Region labels were obtained using atlases in FSL: ¹(Neubert et al., 2015), ²(Mars et al., 2011), ³(Sallet et al., 2013), ⁴(Mori et al., 2005).

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20365.019

A) Learnt information (inverse value signal)
	x	y	z	z-score	Voxels	p-value
dACC (area 8m, anterior rostro-cingulate zone1)	6	32	36	3.62	821	5*10−5
Parietal (IPL-D, IPL-C2), left	−52	−58	42	3.68	855	3*10−5
Parietal (IPL-C, IPL-D2), right	52	−46	42	3.98	753	1*10−4
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (area 9/46 V3), right	40	22	38	3.61	840	4*10−5
Cerebellum	−10	−80	−26	4.19	454	6*10−3
Lateral frontal pole1, right	32	54	6	3.21	360	0.02
B) Learnt information (outcome value signal)
Temporal cortex, extending to parietal opercular cortex, left	−36	−32	16	3.49	1371	1*10−7
Temporal cortex, extending to parietal opercular cortex, right	50	−28	26	3.23	458	5*10−3
C) Brain behavior interaction for learnt information
Midcingulate cortex (posterior rostro-cingulate zone1)	2	−4	54	3.12	719	2*10−4
Pre-SMA extending into dACC and area 8 m1	−14	24	58	3.44	771	2*10−5
Occipital lobe	−12	−84	4	3.22	488	0.001
White matter (corticospinal tract4)	−18	−14	32	3.4	431	0.003
Precentral gyrus, right	40	−14	52	3.28	311	0.02