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. 2016 Jun 10;56(2):478–488. doi: 10.1002/mc.22510

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© 2016 The Authors. Molecular Carcinogenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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A: The cytokine/chemokine array analysis used a membrane to load the antibodies individually against 40 types of mouse cytokines/chemokines. Four factors (1: C5/C5a, 2: ICAM‐1, 3: CXCL9, 4: IL‐1ra) were increased in hepatic tumors compared with normal livers. +: positive control, −: negative control. B: Densitometric analysis of the above data. The data represent the average values for two normal livers and two DEN‐induced hepatic tumors. C: Immunohistochemical staining for C5/C5a in the focus (T) and in the surrounding non‐tumor hepatic tissue (NT) (left). Inset: high magnification of the focus cell.