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. 2016 Oct 21;4(4):e1251384. doi: 10.1080/21688370.2016.1251384

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Proposed effect of environmental stimuli causing changes in microbiome composition leading to CIDs. Pre-, peri-, and/or post-natal environmental factor can affect microbiota composition causing loss of barrier function, increased antigen trafficking, and altered immune response in genetically susceptible individuals eventually leading to the onset of CID.