Table I.
A list of growth factors and their role in bone regeneration.
| Growth factor/Protein | Known functions | 
|---|---|
| EGF(60) | Growth and proliferation of mesenchymal and fibroblast cells, induction of granulation tissue formation and angiogenesis | 
| PDGF-BB(61) | Chemo-attractant, induces mitogenesis, promotes angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix synthesis and deposition | 
| TGF-β(62) | Regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and matrix synthesis | 
| rhBMP(63) | Stimulation of angiogenesis and migration, induces proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into cartilage and bone-forming cells | 
| VEGF(64) | Promotion of chemotaxis of MSCs, indirectly induces proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells | 
| bFGF(65, 66) | Stimulation of migration and proliferation of endothelial cells, hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation, and osteoblast/osteoclast recruitment to the growth plate | 
| Activin(67) | Induction of osteoblastic cell proliferation and collagen synthesis | 
| IGF-I(68) | Induction of cellular proliferation and matrix synthesis | 
EGF: Epidermal Growth Factor
PDGF-BB: Platelet Derived Growth Factor-BB
TGF-β: Transforming Growth Factor Beta
rhBMP: Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
VEGF: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
bFGF: Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor
IGF-1: Insulin-like Growth Factor 1