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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Res. 2016 Nov 7;77(1):27–40. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-1359

Figure 5. Dietary emulsifiers alter epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis during colitis-associated cancer development.

Figure 5

(A–B) Epithelial cell proliferation was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using the proliferation marker Ki67 in colonic tissue sections. (A) Representative images of Ki67 staining. Scale bar, 200μm. (B) Ki67+ cells were counted and averaged per crypt. (C–D) Epithelial cell apoptosis was analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL). (C) Representative confocal images of TUNEL assay: TUNEL, green; DNA, blue. Scale bar, 25μm. (D) TUNEL+ DAPI+ cells were counted and averaged per crypt. Data are the means +/− S.E.M. (n=5–8). Significance was determined using t-test (* indicates p<0.05).