Table 3.
Univariate relationships for participating at various levels of genetic research, India sample
| Participate | Secondary analysis | Share with private company | Cell lines | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=308 | n=343 | n=334 | n=329 | |||||||||
| Yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | |||||
| n=192, 62% | n=116, 38% | n=171, 50% | n=172, 50% | n=129, 34% | n=205, 61% | n=165, 50% | n=164, 50% | |||||
| n (%) | n (%) | p-value* | n (%) | n (%) | p-value* | n (%) | n (%) | p-value* | n (%) | n (%) | p-value* | |
| Age* | 0.96 | 0.68 | 0.43 | 0.64 | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 31.2 (8.9) | 31.7 (9.0) | 31.6 (9.1) | 31.8 (8.8) | 31.4 (9.4) | 32.04 (8.8) | 31.4 (9.0) | 31.4 (7.6) | ||||
| Gender | 0.78 | 0.25 | 0.93 | 0.86 | ||||||||
| Female | 53 (60.9) | 34 (39.1) | 46 (45.1) | 56 (54.9) | 37 (39.0) | 58 (61.1) | 46 (48.9) | 48 (51.1) | ||||
| Male | 136 (62.7) | 81 (37.3) | 125 (51.9) | 116 (48.1) | 90 (38.5) | 144 (61.5) | 115 (50.0) | 115 (50.0) | ||||
| Education | 0.001 | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.16 | ||||||||
| High school or less | 19 (79.2) | 5 (20.8) | 18 (62.1) | 11 (37.9) | 15 (53.6) | 13 (46.4) | 17 (63.0) | 10 (37.0) | ||||
| Undergraduate | 102 (54.6) | 85 (45.5) | 96 (46.2) | 112 (53.9) | 72 (36.2) | 127 (63.8) | 55 (54.6) | 46 (45.5) | ||||
| Graduate | 71 (73.2) | 26 (26.8) | 57 (53.8) | 49 (46.2) | 40 (38.5) | 64 (61.5) | 93 (46.3) | 108 (53.7) | ||||
| Owns a home | 0.24 | 0.15 | 0.90 | 0.95 | ||||||||
| Yes | 137 (64.3) | 76 (35.7) | 112 (53.3) | 107 (46.7) | 89 (39.6) | 136 (60.4) | 113 (50.7) | 110 (49.3) | ||||
| No | 49 (57.0) | 37 (43.0) | 48 (44.9) | 59 (55.1) | 38 (38.8) | 60 (61.2) | 49 (51.0) | 47 (49.0) | ||||
| Owns a car | 0.19 | 0.03 | 0.40 | 0.46 | ||||||||
| Yes | 109 (59.6) | 74 (40.4) | 80 (57.1) | 60 (42.9) | 56 (41.2) | 80 (58.8) | 70 (52.6) | 63 (47.5) | ||||
| No | 81 (66.9) | 40 (33.1) | 91 (44.8) | 112 (55.2) | 71 (36.6) | 123 (63.4) | 93 (48.4) | 99 (51.6) | ||||
| Muslim | 0.49 | 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.09 | ||||||||
| Yes | 27 (67.5) | 13 (32.5) | 21 (47.7) | 23 (52.3) | 18 (40.9) | 26 (59.1) | 16 (38.1) | 26 (61.9) | ||||
| No | 165 (61.8) | 102 (38.2) | 150 (50.3) | 148 (49.7) | 111 (38.3) | 179 (61.7) | 149 (51.9) | 138 (48.1) | ||||
| Ethics Position categoriesa | 0.55 | 0.17 | 0.02 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Situationalists | 65 (66.3) | 33 (33.7) | 52 (55.3) | 42 (44.7) | 45 (46.4) | 52 (53.6) | 56 (60.2) | 37 (39.8) | ||||
| Absolutists | 40 (65.6) | 21 (34.4) | 27 (44.3) | 34 (55.7) | 20 (34.5) | 38 (65.5) | 32 (52.5) | 29 (47.5) | ||||
| Subjectivists | 28 (60.9) | 18 (39.1) | 28 (57.1) | 21 (42.9) | 23 (47.9) | 25 (52.1) | 29 (65.9) | 15 (34.1) | ||||
| Exceptionalists | 59 (57.3) | 44 (42.7) | 42 (42.4) | 57 (57.6) | 26 (27.7) | 68 (72.3) | 33 (34.7) | 62 (65.3) | ||||
| Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scalesb | ||||||||||||
| Internal score | 28.8 (4.1) | 27.4 (4.1) | 0.93 | 28.9 (3.9) | 27.5 (4.5) | 0.07 | 29.2 (4.1) | 27.7 (4.3) | 0.72 | 29.0 (4.0) | 27.3 (4.2) | 0.67 |
| Powerful other score | 23.0 (6.1) | 21.3 (5.4) | 0.20 | 23.4 (5.9) | 21.3 (5.5) | 0.41 | 24.9 (5.8) | 20.9 (5.3) | 0.22 | 23.4 (6.3) | 21.2 (5.3) | 0.03 |
| Chance score | 27.0 (5.2) | 24.0 (5.7) | 0.28 | 27.2 (5.3) | 24.4 (5.5) | 0.67 | 27.9 (5.4) | 24.6 (5.3) | 0.75 | 27.5 (5.2) | 24.1 (5.3) | 0.88 |
| Doctors score | 13.9 (2.8) | 12.3 (3.1) | 0.24 | 13.9 (2.8) | 12.6 (3.1) | 0.21 | 14.1 (2.9) | 12.8 (2.9) | 0.73 | 14.1 (2.7) | 12.4 (3.0) | 0.09 |
| Other people score | 13.1 (3.1) | 11.7 (3.4) | 0.19 | 13.4 (3.1) | 11.8 (3.2) | 0.56 | 13.8 (3.1) | 3.2 (0.2) | 0.65 | 13.4 (3.2) | 11.7 (3.1) | 0.89 |
| General Health | 0.41 | 0.02 | 0.50 | 0.07 | ||||||||
| Excellent, very good | 98 (63.6) | 56 (36.4) | 97 (57.1) | 73 (42.9) | 70 (42.2) | 96 (57.8) | 93 (56.0) | 73 (44.0) | ||||
| Good | 65 (59.1) | 45 (40.9) | 51 (40.8) | 74 (59.2) | 43 (35.8) | 77 (64.2) | 50 (43.1) | 66 (56.9) | ||||
| Fair, poor | 27 (71.1) | 11 (29.0) | 22 (52.4) | 20 (47.6) | 15 (35.7) | 27 (64.3) | 18 (43.9) | 23 (56.1) | ||||
| Physical health not good (30 max)* | 0.63 | 0.44 | 0.49 | 0.23 | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.3 (1.1) | 1.23 (1.1) | 1.23 (1.1) | 1.2 (1.0) | 1.3 (1.1) | 1.1 (1.0) | 1.24 (1.1) | 1.20 (1.0) | ||||
| Mental health not good (30 max)* | 0.99 | 0.62 | 0.56 | 0.54 | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.5 (1.1) | 1.46 (1.1) | 1.48 (1.0) | 1.5 (1.1) | 1.6 (1.1) | 1.4 (1.0) | 1.55 (1.0) | 1.46 (1.1) | ||||
| Health kept from usual activities (30 max)* | 0.50 | 0.88 | 0.92 | 0.57 | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.3 (1.0) | 1.24 (1.1) | 1.32 (1.0) | 1.2 (1.0) | 1.4 (1.0) | 1.2 (1.0) | 1.34 (1.0) | 1.25 (1.0) | ||||
| Genetic research could help find new treatments | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.03 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Very likely or likely | 172 (69.4) | 76 (30.7) | 145 (54.3) | 122 (45.7) | 109 (41.8) | 152 (58.2) | 149 (57.1) | 112 (42.9) | ||||
| Neutral, unlikely, or very unlikely | 20 (33.3) | 40 (66.7) | 25 (34.7) | 47 (65.3) | 19 (27.5) | 50 (72.5) | 16 (23.5) | 52 (76.5) | ||||
| It may help my children or future families | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Very likely or likely | 164 (70.1) | 70 (29.9) | 142 (55.3) | 115 (44.8) | 111 (43.4) | 145 (56.6) | 143 (57.0) | 108 (43.0) | ||||
| Neutral, unlikely, or very unlikely | 28 (37.8) | 46 (62.2) | 29 (33.7) | 57 (66.3) | 18 (23.1) | 60 (76.9) | 22 (28.2) | 56 (71.8) | ||||
| It would help us understand inherited diseases | <0.001 | 0.08 | 0.25 | 0.002 | ||||||||
| Very likely or likely | 168 (68.0) | 79 (32.0) | 140 (52.0) | 129 (48.0) | 105 (39.6) | 160 (60.4) | 143 (54.4) | 120 (45.6) | ||||
| Neutral, unlikely, or very unlikely | 24 (39.3) | 37 (60.7) | 26 (40.0) | 39 (60.0) | 19 (31.7) | 41 (68.3) | 22 (33.3) | 44 (66.7) | ||||
| I have concerns | 0.29 | 0.02 | < 0.001 | 0.009 | ||||||||
| No | 89 (66.4) | 45 (33.6) | 90 (57.0) | 68 (43.0) | 74 (48.4) | 79 (51.6) | 90 (57.7) | 66 (42.3) | ||||
| Yes | 93 (60.4) | 61 (39.6) | 81 (43.8) | 104 (56.2) | 55 (30.4) | 126 (69.6) | 75 (43.4) | 98 (56.7) | ||||
| I am concerned about privacy and confidentiality of data | 0.93 | 0.64 | 0.04 | 0.41 | ||||||||
| No | 45 (62.5) | 27 (37.5) | 40 (52.6) | 36 (47.4) | 38 (48.7) | 40 (51.3) | 41 (54.7) | 34 (45.3) | ||||
| Yes | 145 (63.0) | 85 (37.0) | 126 (49.6) | 128 (50.4) | 91 (35.6) | 165 (64.5) | 122 (49.2) | 126 (50.8) | ||||
| I am concerned about my family's history not being protected | 0.31 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.04 | ||||||||
| No | 79 (65.8) | 41 (34.2) | 69 (55.2) | 56 (44.8) | 59 (47.2) | 66 (52.8) | 74 (57.4) | 55 (42.6) | ||||
| Yes | 113 (60.1) | 75 (39.9) | 93 (47.0) | 105 (53.0) | 68 (34.0) | 132 (66.0) | 91 (45.5) | 109 (54.5) | ||||
| I am concerned about how and where the data will be kept. | 0.79 | 0.48 | 0.02 | 0.12 | ||||||||
| No | 53 (62.4) | 32 (37.8) | 50 (53.2) | 44 (46.8) | 46 (48.4) | 49 (51.6) | 107 (47.4) | 119 (52.7) | ||||
| Yes | 135 (64.0) | 76 (36.0) | 113 (48.9) | 118 (51.1) | 83 (34.7) | 156 (65.3) | 54 (56.8) | 41 (43.2) | ||||
*
For categorical variables, p-values for Chi-squared analysis. For continuous variables, p-value for equality of variances
a
Ethical positioning questions are divided into two scores: 1) Relativism (possible scores from 6-30) and 2) Idealism (possible score of 5-25). The relativism score pertains to an individual's moral principles. The idealism score measures an individual's concern for consequences.
b
MHLC scales for internal, chance, and powerful others have a possible range of 6-36; doctors and others scale has a possible range of 3-18.