Table 4.
Univariate relationships for participating at various levels of genetic research, US sample
| Participate sample | Secondary analysis | Share with private company | Cell lines | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=402 | n=447 | n=419 | n=329 | |||||||||
| yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | |||||
| n=228, 56% | n=174, 43% | n=153, 34% | n=294, 66% | n=114, 27% | n=305, 73% | n=165, 50% | n=164, 50% | |||||
| n (%) | n (%) | p-value* | n (%) | n (%) | p-value* | n (%) | n (%) | p-value* | n (%) | n (%) | p-value* | |
| Age* | 0.70 | 0.86 | 0.46 | 0.78 | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 34.5 (11.8) | 36.0 (12.2) | 34.9 (11.9) | 35.5 (12.1) | 34.1 (11.3) | 35.3 (12.0) | 33.6 (11.6) | 35.6 (11.8) | ||||
| Gender | 0.11 | 0.71 | 0.51 | 0.39 | ||||||||
| Female | 143 (60.1) | 95 (39.9) | 89 (33.3) | 178 (66.7) | 64 (25.8) | 184 (74.2) | 85 (37.8) | 140 (62.2) | ||||
| Male | 83 (51.9) | 77 (48.1) | 61 (35.1) | 113 (64.9) | 48 (28.7) | 119 (71.3) | 65 (42.2) | 89 (57.8) | ||||
| Education | 0.17 | 0.62 | 0.48 | 0.30 | ||||||||
| High school or less | 78 (50.7) | 76 (49.4) | 56 (32.4) | 117 (67.6) | 38 (23.7) | 122 (76.3) | 49 (34.3) | 94 (65.7) | ||||
| Undergraduate | 101 (60.1) | 67 (39.9) | 62 (33.9) | 121 (66.1) | 51 (29.7) | 121 (70.4) | 68 (42.2) | 93 (57.8) | ||||
| Graduate | 45 (60.8) | 29 (39.2) | 32 (38.6) | 51 (61.5) | 22 (27.5) | 58 (72.5) | 31 (42.5) | 42 (57.5) | ||||
| Owns a home | 0.48 | 0.79 | 0.87 | 0.06 | ||||||||
| Yes | 89 (54.6) | 74 (45.4) | 63 (33.3) | 126 (66.7) | 48 (27.8) | 125 (72.3) | 57 (34.1) | 110 (65.9) | ||||
| No | 135 (58.2) | 97 (41.8) | 86 (34.5) | 163 (65.5) | 64 (27.0) | 173 (73.0) | 91 (43.5) | 118 (56.5) | ||||
| Owns a car | 0.66 | 0.36 | 0.24 | 0.74 | ||||||||
| Yes | 180 (56.4) | 139 (43.6) | 119 (33.6) | 235 (66.4) | 96 (28.7) | 238 (71.3) | 121 (39.5) | 185 (60.5) | ||||
| No | 45 (59.2) | 31 (40.8) | 33 (38.8) | 52 (61.2) | 17 (22.1) | 60 (77.9) | 30 (41.7) | 42 (58.3) | ||||
| Christian | 0.14 | 1.0 | 0.71 | 0.03 | ||||||||
| Yes | 114 (53.8) | 98 (46.2) | 84 (34.6) | 159 (65.4) | 69 (26.7) | 165 (73.3) | 74 (34.9) | 138 (65.1) | ||||
| No | 109 (61.2) | 69 (38.8) | 65 (34.6) | 123 (65.4) | 51 (28.3) | 129 (71.7) | 78 (45.6) | 93 (54.4) | ||||
| Ethics Position categoriesa | ||||||||||||
| Idealism | 19.1 (4.1) | 20.2 (4.0) | 0.64 | 19.3 (4.2) | 19.6 (4.0) | 0.39 | 18.9 (4.3) | 19.6 (4.0) | 0.33 | 19.1 (4.2) | 19.5 (4.0) | 0.60 |
| Relativism | 21.8 (4.5) | 20.5 (4.7) | 0.69 | 21.9 (4.5) | 20.8 (4.8) | 0.36 | 21.7 (4.5) | 20.9 (4.8) | 0.40 | 22.2 (4.2) | 20.2 (4.8) | 0.06 |
| Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scalesb | ||||||||||||
| Internal score | 27.4 (4.5) | 26.6 (5.2) | 0.05 | 27.3 (4.7) | 26.7 (5.0) | 0.42 | 27.2 (4.8) | 26.7 (5.0) | 0.64 | 27.4 (4.4) | 26.6 (5.0) | 0.10 |
| Powerful other score | 19.1 (6.0) | 19.9 (6.3) | 0.52 | 19.0 (6.1) | 19.6 (6.2) | 0.87 | 19.1 (6.1) | 19.4 (6.1) | 1.00 | 19.4 (6.0) | 19.4 (6.2) | 0.72 |
| Chance score | 17.6 (5.7) | 16.7 (5.5) | 0.53 | 17.5 (5.9) | 17.1 (5.6) | 0.48 | 18.0 (6.4) | 17.0 (5.4) | 0.02 | 17.9 (6.2) | 16.9 (5.3) | 0.03 |
| Doctors score | 9.8 (3.8) | 9.1 (3.5) | 0.23 | 10.0 (3.9) | 9.2 (3.52) | 0.17 | 9.9 (3.9) | 9.3 (3.5) | 0.15 | 9.9 (3.9) | 9.2 (3.4) | 0.06 |
| Other people score | 7.8 (2.7) | 7.7 (2.7) | 0.87 | 7.8 (2.9 | 7.9 (2.8) | 0.74 | 8.2 (3.3) | 7.7 (2.6) | <0.001 | 8.1 (3.1) | 7.7 (2.6) | 0.02 |
| General Health | 0.57 | 0.44 | 0.84 | 0.02 | ||||||||
| Excellent, very good | 118 (57.8) | 86 (42.2) | 81 (36.3) | 142 (63.7) | 60 (28.4) | 151 (71.6) | 90 (46.2) | 105 (53.9) | ||||
| Good | 78 (58.2) | 56 (41.8) | 51 (33.6) | 101 (66.5) | 37 (26.1) | 105 (73.9) | 47 (36.2) | 83 (63.9) | ||||
| Fair, poor | 32 (50.8) | 31 (49.2) | 19 (27.9) | 49 (72.1) | 16 (25.4) | 47 (74.6) | 15 (26.3) | 42 (73.7) | ||||
| Physical health not good (30 max)* | 0.57 | 0.92 | 0.81 | 0.08 | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.37 (1.0) | 1.3 (1.0) | 1.4 (1.0) | 1.3 (1.0) | 1.4 (1.0) | 1.3 (1.0) | 1.3 (0.9) | 1.3 (1.1) | ||||
| Mental health not good (30 max)* | 0.70 | 1.000 | 0.82 | 0.42 | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.8 (1.1) | 1.72 (1.1) | 1.79 (1.1) | 1.73 (1.1) | 1.7 (1.0) | 1.8 (1.1) | 1.7 (1.0) | 1.7 (1.1) | ||||
| Health kept from usual activities (30 max)* | 0.54 | 0.53 | 0.47 | 0.59 | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.4 (1.0) | 1.4 (1.1) | 1.4 (1.0) | 1.4 (1.1) | 1.5 (1.1) | 1.3 (1.0) | 1.4 (1.0) | 1.3 (1.1) | ||||
| Genetic research could help find new treatments | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.01 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Very likely or likely | 217 (64.2) | 121 (35.8) | 145 (38.8) | 229 (61.2) | 104 (29.8) | 245 (70.2) | 147 (45.8) | 174 (54.2) | ||||
| Neutral, unlikely, or very unlikely | 11 (17.2) | 53 (82.8) | 8 (11.0) | 65 (89.0) | 10 (14.7) | 58 (85.3) | 5 (8.1) | 57 (91.9) | ||||
| It may help my children or future families | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Very likely or likely | 217 (64.8) | 118 (35.2) | 145 (39.2) | 225 (60.8) | 111 (31.8) | 238 (68.2) | 148 (46.0) | 174 (54.0) | ||||
| Neutral, unlikely, or very unlikely | 11 (16.4) | 56 (83.6) | 8 (10.4) | 69 (89.6) | 3 (4.3) | 67 (95.7) | 4 (6.6) | 5 (24.7) | ||||
| It would help us understand inherited diseases | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Very likely or likely | 223 (64.1) | 125 (35.9) | 147 (38.3) | 237 (61.7) | 108 (30.1) | 251 (69.9) | 147 (44.6) | 183 (55.5) | ||||
| Neutral, unlikely, or very unlikely | 5 (9.3) | 49 (90.7) | 5 (8.2) | 56 (91.8) | 5 (8.6) | 53 (91.4) | 4 (7.8) | 47 (92.2) | ||||
| I have concerns | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| No | 77 (74.0) | 27 (26.0) | 69 (58.5) | 49 (41.5) | 54 (50.0) | 54 (50.0) | 64 (63.4) | 37 (36.6) | ||||
| Yes | 151 (50.7) | 147 (49.3) | 84 (25.5) | 245 (74.5) | 60 (19.3) | 251 (80.7) | 88 (31.2) | 194 (68.8) | ||||
| I am concerned about privacy and confidentiality of data | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| No | 77 (74.0) | 27 (26.0) | 65 (55.1) | 53 (44.9) | 56 (51.9) | 52 (48.2) | 67 (65.1) | 36 (35.0) | ||||
| Yes | 150 (50.5) | 147 (49.5) | 87 (26.5) | 241 (73.5) | 58 (18.7) | 252 (81.3) | 85 (30.5) | 194 (69.5) | ||||
| I am concerned about my family's history not being protected | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| No | 130 (76.0) | 41 (24.0) | 95 (49.5) | 97 (50.5) | 78 (43.8) | 100 (56.2) | 100 (59.2) | 69 (40.8) | ||||
| Yes | 98 (42.4) | 133 (57.6) | 58 (22.8) | 197 (77.3) | 36 (14.9) | 205 (85.1) | 52 (24.3) | 162 (75.7) | <0.001 | |||
| I am concerned about how and where the data will be kept. | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||
| No | 78 (74.3) | 27 (25.7) | 70 (58.3) | 50 (41.7) | 59 (52.7) | 53 (47.3) | 83 (29.9) | 195 (70.1) | ||||
| Yes | 149 (50.7) | 145 (49.3) | 83 (25.4) | 244 (74.6) | 55 (17.9) | 252 (82.1) | 69 (65.7) | 36 (34.3) | ||||
*
For categorical variables, p-values for Chi-squared analysis. For continuous variables, p-value for equality of variances
a
Ethical positioning questions are divided into two scores: 1) Relativism (possible scores from 6-30) and 2) Idealism (possible score of 5-25). The relativism score pertains to an individual's moral principles. The idealism score measures an individual's concern for consequences.
b
MHLC scales for internal, chance, and powerful others have a possible range of 6-36; doctors and others scale has a possible range of 3-18.