(A) The helper mCherry infective efficiency was determined by the observation of the area of fluorescence after hPDLSCs were transfected with different adenoviral concentrations (10, 20, 30, or 60 MOI) for 2 days. (B) When hPDLSCs were co-infected with Ad-GFP (MOI 30–60) and Ad-mCherry (MOI 30–60), the co-infective efficiency was approximately 80%, according to observation of the area of fluorescence 72h post co-infection. (C) Western blot analysis showed that si-JNK significantly decreased the phosphorylation of JNK1/2 in hPDLSCs stimulated by BMP9, after 72h of co-infection. (D) Effect of JNK1/2 gene silencing on the mRNA expression of Runx2 in hPDLSCs stimulated by BMP9, determined by qRT-PCR analysis at day 7. ‘‘#”, p<0.01 (vs. BMP9 group). (E) and (F) and (G) Effect of JNK1/2 knock down on the gene and mRNA expression of ALP in hPDLSCs stimulated by BMP9 by a quantitative ALP activity kit, qRT-PCR assay, and western blotting. ‘‘#”, p<0.01 (vs. BMP9 group). (H) and (I) Effect of JNK1/2 gene silence on the mRNA and protein expression of OPN in hPDLSCs stimulated by BMP9, was determined by qRT-PCR and western analysis at day 10. ‘‘#”, p<0.01 (vs. BMP9 group). (J) and (K) Effect of JNK1/2 gene silencing on the mRNA and protein expression of OCN in hPDLSCs stimulated by BMP9, was determined by qRT-PCR and western analysis at day 14. ‘‘#”, p<0.01 (vs. BMP9 group).