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. 2017 Jan 5;10:105. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2016.00105

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Copyright © 2017 Santos-Ferreira, Borsch and Ader.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Paradigm shift in photoreceptor replacement therapy. Following subretinal transplantation, structural integration of donor photoreceptors was assumed as the main mechanism for vision improvement in previous pre-clinical studies. Instead, the majority of “integrated” donor cells in the ONL of the host retina represent host photoreceptors which exchanged cytoplasmic material with donor photoreceptors located in the subretinal space. Cell-cell connections, free molecule diffusion or vesicular transport are assumed as possible mechanisms. SRS, subretinal space; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium; OS/IS, outer segment/inner segment; ONL, outer nuclear layer.