Table 1. Effect of NPPC on sperm motility.
| Treatment | Control | NPPC |
|---|---|---|
| Progressive motility (%) | 20.6 ± 0.9 | 34.7 ± 0.9* |
| VAP (μm/s) | 110.4 ± 1.9 | 130.1 ± 1.2* |
| VSL (μm/s) | 73.9 ± 1.3 | 93.1 ± 1.4* |
| VCL (μm/s) | 216.8 ± 3.9 | 221.2 ± 1.9 |
| ALH (μm) | 9.2 ± 0.2 | 9.0 ± 0.2 |
| BCF (HZ) | 24.4 ± 0.5 | 23.6 ± 0.4 |
| STR (%) | 61.0 ± 0.8 | 69.6 ± 0.5 |
| LIN (%) | 34.3 ± 0.6 | 44.0 ± 1.0 |
VAP, average path velocity; VSL, straight line velocity; VCL, curvilinear velocity; ALH, amplitude of lateral head displacement; BCF, beat cross frequency; STR, percentage of straightness; LIN, percentage of linearity; progressive motility (% of motile spermatozoa with VAP ≥ 50 μm/s and STR ≥ 80%). Bars indicate the mean ± SEM of three experiments; n = 500 for each sample. *P < 0.05.