Skip to main content
. 2016 Oct 14;100(1):29–39. doi: 10.1007/s00223-016-0193-8

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics and osteoporosis risk profile of patients with a first osteoporotic hip fracture in Spain

Women (N = 375) Men (N = 112) Total (N = 487)
Age, years, mean ± SD 83.2 (6.6) 83.1 (7.0) 83.2 (6.7)
 ≥75 years 339 (90.4) 100 (89.3) 439 (90.1)
Sex, woman 375 (77.0)
Type of centre
 Small 67 (17.9) 26 (23.2) 93 (19.1)
 Medium 101 (26.9) 37 (33.0) 138 (28.3)
 Large 207 (55.2) 49 (43.8) 256 (52.6)
Alcohol intake 21 (5.6) 26 (23.2) 47 (9.6)
Active smoking 7 (1.9) 11 (9.8) 18 (3.7)
Body mass index (kg/m2)
 <18.5 8 (2.1) 0 (0) 8 (1.6)
 18.5–<25.0 159 (42.4) 51 (45.5) 210 (43.1)
 25.0–<30.0 112 (29.9) 39 (34.8) 151 (31.0)
 ≥30.0 58 (15.5) 12 (10.7) 70 (14.4)
 Missing 38 (10.1) 10 (8.9) 48 (9.9)
Diagnosis of osteoporosis established by densitometry (T-score ≤−2.5) 8 (2.1) 1 (0.9) 9 (1.8)
T-score not available 362 (96.5) 110 (98.2) 472 (96.9)
Secondary osteoporosisa 10 (2.7) 4 (3.6) 14 (2.9)
Prior non-hip fracture 144 (38.4) 37 (33.3) 181 (37.2)
Prior non-hip fracture by low impact trauma 88 (23.5) 20 (17.9) 108 (22.2)
Time since last fracture, months, median (Q1, Q3)b 42.1 (18.7, 109.5) 75.8 (28.2, 163.7) 43.0 (20.4, 123.4)
Location of previous fracturesc
 Wrist 50 (13.3) 10 (8.9) 60 (12.3)
 Shoulder 24 (6.4) 4 (3.6) 28 (5.7)
 Spine 16 (4.3) 7 (6.3) 23 (4.7)
 Upper arm 17 (4.5) 2 (1.8) 19 (3.9)
 Other 67 (17.9) 16 (14.3) 87 (17.9)
Prior osteoporotic treatment 70 (18.7) 6 (5.4) 76 (15.6)
Other risk factors for fracture
 Parental hip fracture 21 (5.6) 9 (8.0) 30 (6.2)
 Use of glucocorticoids 22 (5.9) 5 (4.5) 27 (5.5)
 Diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis 13 (3.5) 1 (0.9) 14 (2.9)
Main comorbidities
 Diabetes 75 (20.0) 24 (21.4) 99 (20.3)
 Dementia 44 (20.5) 18 (16.1) 95 (19.5)
 Cerebrovascular disease 54 (14.4) 28 (25.0) 82 (16.8)
 Congestive heart failure 45 (12.0) 13 (11.6) 58 (11.9)
 Peripheral vascular disease 48 (12.8) 8 (7.1) 56 (11.5)
 Chronic pulmonary disease 22 (5.9) 26 (23.2) 48 (9.9)
 Myocardial infarction 29 (7.7) 19 (17.0) 48 (9.9)
 Any tumour 13 (3.5) 8 (7.1) 21 (4.3)
 Moderate or severe renal disease 13 (3.5) 8 (7.1) 21 (4.3)
Charlson index, mean (SD)d 1.8 (1.1) 2.4 (1.7) 1.9 (1.3)
Hip fracture result of a fall 373 (99.5) 110 (98.2) 483 (99.2)
Living arrangements prior to the fall
 Alone in own home 82 (21.9) 11 (9.8) 93 (19.1)
 Partner/family member sharing own home 219 (58.4) 79 (70.5) 298 (61.2)
 Nursing home 40 (10.7) 15 (13.4) 55 (11.3)
 Relatives home 33 (8.8) 7 (6.3) 40 (8.2)
Patient alone at the time of a fall 172 (45.9) 38 (33.9) 210 (43.1)
Where fall happened
 Inside 294 (78.4) 84 (75.0) 378 (77.6)
 Outside 79 (21.1) 26 (23.2) 105 (21.6)
 Missing 2 (0.5) 2 (1.8) 4 (0.8)
If fall happened outside, weather conditions
 Dry 68 (18.1) 21 (18.8) 89 (18.3)
 Wet 10 (2.7) 4 (3.6) 14 (2.9)
 Icy 1 (0.3) 1 (0.9) 2 (0.4)
Season when the fall took place
 Winter 59 (15.7) 19 (17.0) 78 (16.0)
 Spring 74 (19.7) 28 (25.0) 102 (20.9)
 Summer 103 (27.5) 28 (25.0) 131 (26.9)
 Autumn 137 (36.6) 35 (31.3) 172 (35.3)
 Missing 2 (0.5) 2 (1.7) 4 (0.8)
Patient receiving medications that increase the risk of falls 136 (36.3) 35 (31.3) 171 (35.1)

Data are number of patients (percentage) except when otherwise indicated; a defined as conditions such as type I diabetes, osteogenesis imperfecta, untreated long-standing hyperparathyroidism, hypogonadism or premature menopause, chronic malnutrition, or malabsorption and chronic liver disease; b calculated at enrolment in patients with a previous non-hip fracture; c subjects could have multiple previous fractures at different locations; subjects with more than one fracture in the same location were counted only once in that location; d valid N = 256/86/342 for women, men and overall, respectively; Q1 = 25th percentile; Q3 = 75th percentile; SD standard deviation