Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and osteoporosis risk profile of patients with a first osteoporotic hip fracture in Spain
| Women (N = 375) | Men (N = 112) | Total (N = 487) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 83.2 (6.6) | 83.1 (7.0) | 83.2 (6.7) |
| ≥75 years | 339 (90.4) | 100 (89.3) | 439 (90.1) |
| Sex, woman | – | – | 375 (77.0) |
| Type of centre | |||
| Small | 67 (17.9) | 26 (23.2) | 93 (19.1) |
| Medium | 101 (26.9) | 37 (33.0) | 138 (28.3) |
| Large | 207 (55.2) | 49 (43.8) | 256 (52.6) |
| Alcohol intake | 21 (5.6) | 26 (23.2) | 47 (9.6) |
| Active smoking | 7 (1.9) | 11 (9.8) | 18 (3.7) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||
| <18.5 | 8 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 8 (1.6) |
| 18.5–<25.0 | 159 (42.4) | 51 (45.5) | 210 (43.1) |
| 25.0–<30.0 | 112 (29.9) | 39 (34.8) | 151 (31.0) |
| ≥30.0 | 58 (15.5) | 12 (10.7) | 70 (14.4) |
| Missing | 38 (10.1) | 10 (8.9) | 48 (9.9) |
| Diagnosis of osteoporosis established by densitometry (T-score ≤−2.5) | 8 (2.1) | 1 (0.9) | 9 (1.8) |
| T-score not available | 362 (96.5) | 110 (98.2) | 472 (96.9) |
| Secondary osteoporosisa | 10 (2.7) | 4 (3.6) | 14 (2.9) |
| Prior non-hip fracture | 144 (38.4) | 37 (33.3) | 181 (37.2) |
| Prior non-hip fracture by low impact trauma | 88 (23.5) | 20 (17.9) | 108 (22.2) |
| Time since last fracture, months, median (Q1, Q3)b | 42.1 (18.7, 109.5) | 75.8 (28.2, 163.7) | 43.0 (20.4, 123.4) |
| Location of previous fracturesc | |||
| Wrist | 50 (13.3) | 10 (8.9) | 60 (12.3) |
| Shoulder | 24 (6.4) | 4 (3.6) | 28 (5.7) |
| Spine | 16 (4.3) | 7 (6.3) | 23 (4.7) |
| Upper arm | 17 (4.5) | 2 (1.8) | 19 (3.9) |
| Other | 67 (17.9) | 16 (14.3) | 87 (17.9) |
| Prior osteoporotic treatment | 70 (18.7) | 6 (5.4) | 76 (15.6) |
| Other risk factors for fracture | |||
| Parental hip fracture | 21 (5.6) | 9 (8.0) | 30 (6.2) |
| Use of glucocorticoids | 22 (5.9) | 5 (4.5) | 27 (5.5) |
| Diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis | 13 (3.5) | 1 (0.9) | 14 (2.9) |
| Main comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes | 75 (20.0) | 24 (21.4) | 99 (20.3) |
| Dementia | 44 (20.5) | 18 (16.1) | 95 (19.5) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 54 (14.4) | 28 (25.0) | 82 (16.8) |
| Congestive heart failure | 45 (12.0) | 13 (11.6) | 58 (11.9) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 48 (12.8) | 8 (7.1) | 56 (11.5) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 22 (5.9) | 26 (23.2) | 48 (9.9) |
| Myocardial infarction | 29 (7.7) | 19 (17.0) | 48 (9.9) |
| Any tumour | 13 (3.5) | 8 (7.1) | 21 (4.3) |
| Moderate or severe renal disease | 13 (3.5) | 8 (7.1) | 21 (4.3) |
| Charlson index, mean (SD)d | 1.8 (1.1) | 2.4 (1.7) | 1.9 (1.3) |
| Hip fracture result of a fall | 373 (99.5) | 110 (98.2) | 483 (99.2) |
| Living arrangements prior to the fall | |||
| Alone in own home | 82 (21.9) | 11 (9.8) | 93 (19.1) |
| Partner/family member sharing own home | 219 (58.4) | 79 (70.5) | 298 (61.2) |
| Nursing home | 40 (10.7) | 15 (13.4) | 55 (11.3) |
| Relatives home | 33 (8.8) | 7 (6.3) | 40 (8.2) |
| Patient alone at the time of a fall | 172 (45.9) | 38 (33.9) | 210 (43.1) |
| Where fall happened | |||
| Inside | 294 (78.4) | 84 (75.0) | 378 (77.6) |
| Outside | 79 (21.1) | 26 (23.2) | 105 (21.6) |
| Missing | 2 (0.5) | 2 (1.8) | 4 (0.8) |
| If fall happened outside, weather conditions | |||
| Dry | 68 (18.1) | 21 (18.8) | 89 (18.3) |
| Wet | 10 (2.7) | 4 (3.6) | 14 (2.9) |
| Icy | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.9) | 2 (0.4) |
| Season when the fall took place | |||
| Winter | 59 (15.7) | 19 (17.0) | 78 (16.0) |
| Spring | 74 (19.7) | 28 (25.0) | 102 (20.9) |
| Summer | 103 (27.5) | 28 (25.0) | 131 (26.9) |
| Autumn | 137 (36.6) | 35 (31.3) | 172 (35.3) |
| Missing | 2 (0.5) | 2 (1.7) | 4 (0.8) |
| Patient receiving medications that increase the risk of falls | 136 (36.3) | 35 (31.3) | 171 (35.1) |
Data are number of patients (percentage) except when otherwise indicated; a defined as conditions such as type I diabetes, osteogenesis imperfecta, untreated long-standing hyperparathyroidism, hypogonadism or premature menopause, chronic malnutrition, or malabsorption and chronic liver disease; b calculated at enrolment in patients with a previous non-hip fracture; c subjects could have multiple previous fractures at different locations; subjects with more than one fracture in the same location were counted only once in that location; d valid N = 256/86/342 for women, men and overall, respectively; Q1 = 25th percentile; Q3 = 75th percentile; SD standard deviation