Table 1.
Overview of the studies that have used BOLD-MRI to assess renal tissue oxygenation in CKD patients as compared with controls.
| Author | N | Design | Field strength (Tesla) | Analysis method | R2* cortex | R2* medulla | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inoue | 2011 | 119 | CKD-control | 1.5 | ROI | No difference | Not available | Only DM |
| Wang | 2011 | 27 | CKD-control | 1.5 | ROI | No difference | Lower in CKD | Only DM |
| Michaely | 2012 | 280 | Observational | 1.5 and 3 | ROI | No difference | No difference | |
| Xin-Long | 2012 | 26 | CKD-control | 3 | ROI | Higher in CKD | Higher in CKD | |
| Yin | 2012 | 115 | CKD-control | 3 | ROI | Higher in CKD | Higher in CKD | Only DM |
| Pruijm | 2014 | 195 | CKD-control | 3 | ROI | No difference | No difference | |
| Vink | 2015 | 75 | Hypertensives | 1.5 and 3 | Fractional and Compartmental | No difference | Higher at lower eGFR | eGFR 75 ± 18 ml/min |
| Thacker | 2015 | 47 | CKD-control | 3 | Large ROI-entire parenchyma | Higher in CKD | No difference | |
| Prasad | 2015 | 59 | CKD-control | 3 | ROI | Higher in CKD | No difference | |
| Khatir | 2015 | 86 | CKD-control | 1.5 | ROI | No difference | No difference | |
| Milani | 2016 | 207 | CKD-control | 3 | TLCO | Higher in CKD | Lower in CKD |