Fig. 4. Effect of DHED on intracellular Ca²⁺ levels in neurons.

(A) Intracellular Ca²⁺ was assessed in neurons using confocal microscopy. Primary cortical neurons were treated with 1.2 mM of CaCl₂ and 50 mM of KCl after 30 min of vehicle, 10 µM of MK801, or 10 µM of DHED treatment. Intracellular Ca²⁺ levels were measured after CaCl₂ and KCl treatment. Note that intracellular Ca²⁺ levels were increased in vehicle-treated neurons. However, intracellular Ca²⁺ levels were decreased after pretreatment with MK801 or DHED compared to vehicle-treated neurons. DIC, differential interference contrast. (B) Quantification of intracellular calcium levels for analysis is shown. Data represents the mean±SE. ^*p<0.05 compared with vehicle-treated neurons, one-way ANOVA.