Figure 2.
Two compositionally distinct lower airway microbial states exist in patients with HIV and pneumonia. (A) Mean community composition of each state at the family level. (B) Lower airway phylogenetic diversity differs significantly across microbial states (one-way analysis of variance [ANOVA], P < 0.001). (C) Principal coordinate analysis plot illustrating weighted UniFrac distances permits visualization of MCS1 (green) and the sister states MCS2A (blue) and MCS2B (red), which collectively explain a significant proportion of bacterial community variation (PERMANOVA, R2 = 0.67, P < 0.001) within the lower airways of this patient population. Patient lower airway communities that do not fit one of these three mean community compositions are depicted in gray. MCS = microbial community state; PC = principal coordinate; PERMANOVA = permutational multivariate ANOVA.