Table 3.
Standardized risk ratios and risk differences (per 1000) and their 95 % confidence intervals for the association of prevalent in-patient treated disease between 1987 and 2010 and of dispensed drugs in 2010 with incident hip fracture by age
| ≤69 years | 70–79 years | ≥80 years | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR | RD/1000 | RR | RD/1000 | RR | RD/1000 | |
| ICD-10 diagnosis chapter | ||||||
| Certain infectious and parasitic diseases (A–B) | 3.28 (1.60 to 6.71) | 1.6 (0.1 to 3.2) | 1.36 (0.75 to 2.48) | 1.9 (−2.3 to 6.0) | 1.30 (0.99 to 1.71) | 5.6 (−0.8 to 12.1) |
| Malignant neoplasms (C) | 2.89 (1.48 to 5.66) | 1.3 (0.1 to 2.6) | 1.50 (0.91 to 2.45) | 2.5 (−1.0 to 6.0) | 0.85 (0.60 to 1.19) | −3.1 (−9.2 to 2.9) |
| Non-malignant neoplasms (D00-D48) | 3.54 (1.51 to 8.30) | 1.9 (−0.3 to 4.0) | 1.54 (0.83 to 2.88) | 2.8 (−2.0 to 7.6) | 1.08 (0.72 to 1.62) | 1.6 (−6.9 to 10.0) |
| Diseases of the blood/blood-forming organs (D50-89) | 7.64 (3.83 to 15.24) | 4.5 (1.2 to 7.9) | 3.27 (1.90 to 5.62) | 10.9 (2.9 to 19.0) | 1.51 (1.12 to 2.04) | 9.5 (1.5 to 17.5) |
| Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disorders (E) | 2.81 (1.58 to 4.97) | 1.2 (0.3 to 2.1) | 2.28 (1.55 to 3.36) | 5.5 (2.3 to 8.8) | 1.19 (0.93 to 1.51) | 3.5 (−1.7 to 8.7) |
| Mental and behavioral disorders (F) | 5.13 (2.88 to 9.14) | 2.7 (1.0 to 4.3) | 4.52 (2.93 to 6.99) | 15.5 (7.8 to 23.1) | 2.02 (1.55 to 2.63) | 17.6 (9.3 to 25.8) |
| Diseases of the nervous system (G) | 4.61 (2.48 to 8.55) | 2.4 (0.7 to 4.1) | 2.50 (1.55 to 4.01) | 7.1 (1.9 to 12.3) | 1.43 (1.07 to 1.91) | 7.9 (0.6 to 15.2) |
| Diseases of the eye and adnexa (H00-H59) | 1.80 (0.56 to 5.80) | 0.6 (−1.0 to 2.2) | 2.34 (1.25 to 4.36) | 6.7 (−0.3 to 13.8) | 1.22 (0.87 to 1.71) | 4.2 (−3.6 to 12.0) |
| Diseases of the ear and mastoid process (H60-H95) | 1.44 (0.35 to 5.90) | 0.3 (−1.2 to 1.9) | 1.42 (0.58 to 3.47) | 2.2 (−4.4 to 8.8) | 1.01 (0.61 to 1.66) | 0.1 (−9.9 to 10.1) |
| Diseases of the circulatory system (I) | 1.85 (1.06 to 3.22) | 0.6 (−0.0 to 1.2) | 2.47 (1.70 to 3.59) | 5.2 (2.8 to 7.6) | 1.29 (1.02 to 1.65) | 5.0 (0.5 to 9.5) |
| Diseases of the respiratory system (J) | 3.67 (2.02 to 6.66) | 1.8 (0.5 to 3.1) | 1.47 (0.90 to 2.40) | 2.3 (−1.1 to 5.8) | 1.49 (1.16 to 1.92) | 8.9 (2.6 to 15.3) |
| Diseases of the digestive system (K) | 1.38 (0.74 to 2.60) | 0.3 (−0.3 to 0.9) | 1.70 (1.12 to 2.56) | 3.3 (0.3 to 6.3) | 1.41 (1.11 to 1.79) | 7.4 (1.9 to 12.8) |
| Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (L) | 1.93 (0.60 to 6.20) | 0.7 (−1.0 to 2.4) | 2.02 (0.99 to 4.14) | 5.2 (−2.0 to 12.5) | 0.69 (0.38 to 1.23) | −6.3 (−14.6 to 1.9) |
| Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M) | 1.45 (0.77 to 2.71) | 0.3 (−0.3 to 1.0) | 1.50 (1.00 to 2.26) | 2.4 (−0.3 to 5.2) | 1.13 (0.89 to 1.43) | 2.5 (−2.4 to 7.4) |
| Diseases of the genitourinary system (N) | 1.81 (0.93 to 3.51) | 0.6 (−0.2 to 1.4) | 2.01 (1.33 to 3.02) | 4.6 (1.3 to 8.0) | 1.30 (1.03 to 1.64) | 5.4 (0.3 to 10.5) |
| Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (S–T) | 4.03 (2.44 to 6.65) | 1.7 (0.8 to 2.6) | 2.41 (1.65 to 3.51) | 5.9 (2.7 to 9.0) | 1.46 (1.16 to 1.83) | 7.8 (2.8 to 12.8) |
| Fracture of the neck, thorax, spine, arm, hip, leg, ankle (S12/S22/S32/42/52/62/72/82) | 6.53 (3.85 to 11.09) | 3.2 (1.5 to 4.9) | 3.12 (2.04 to 4.76) | 9.2 (4.2 to 14.3) | 1.49 (1.16 to 1.92) | 8.8 (2.7 to 14.9) |
| Drug (ATC code) | ||||||
| Drugs used in diabetes (A10) | 1.28 (0.55 to 3.01) | 0.2 (−0.6 to 1.1) | 1.47 (0.91 to 2.36) | 2.3 (−1.0 to 5.7) | 0.76 (0.53 to 1.11) | −4.8 (−10.8 to 1.2) |
| Corticosteroids systemic (H02) | 2.19 (1.03 to 4.66) | 0.9 (−0.3 to 2.1) | 1.30 (0.73 to 2.31) | 1.5 (−2.3 to 5.3) | 0.63 (0.40 to 1.00) | −7.5 (−13.6 to −1.4) |
| Antiparkinson drugs (N04) | 5.80 (2.01 to 16.79) | 3.6 (−0.9 to 8.1) | 4.29 (2.30 to 7.98) | 16.3 (3.7 to 28.8) | 0.91 (0.50 to 1.65) | −1.8 (−12.6 to 8.9) |
| Benzodiazepines (N05BA) | 1.73 (0.78 to 3.85) | 0.6 (−0.4 to 1.6) | 1.92 (1.15 to 3.22) | 4.6 (−0.0 to 9.2) | 1.22 (0.94 to 1.59) | 4.2 (−1.6 to 10.0) |
| Opioid, anxiolytic, hypnotics and sedatives drugsa | 1.96 (1.18 to 3.26) | 0.6 (0.1 to 1.2) | 2.13 (1.47 to 3.08) | 4.3 (2.0 to 6.7) | 1.07 (0.85 to 1.36) | 1.5 (−3.2 to 6.2) |
| Antidepressant drugs (N06A) | 1.96 (1.06 to 3.63) | 0.7 (−0.1 to 1.5) | 2.76 (1.84 to 4.14) | 7.6 (3.4 to 11.8) | 1.58 (1.25 to 1.99) | 10.0 (4.3 to 15.7) |
| Cardiovascular system drugs (C) | 1.34 (0.81 to 2.21) | 0.2 (−0.2 to 0.6) | 1.38 (0.90 to 2.12) | 1.6 (−0.4 to 3.6) | 0.36 (0.27 to 0.48) | −32.1 (−45.4 to −18.8) |
| Nervous system drugs (N) | 2.63 (1.59 to 4.36) | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.3) | 2.30 (1.54 to 3.44) | 4.3 (2.3 to 6.4) | 0.86 (0.64 to 1.16) | −3.4 (−10.2 to 3.5) |
| Fall-risk-increasing drugsb | 2.09 (1.22 to 3.59) | 0.7 (0.1 to 1.4) | 2.23 (1.54 to 3.22) | 4.9 (2.3 to 7.5) | 1.12 (0.89 to 1.41) | 2.3 (−2.3 to 7.0) |
| Five or more dispensed drugs during 1 yearc | 2.83 (1.65 to 4.84) | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.2) | 1.75 (1.12 to 2.74) | 2.7 (0.8 to 4.7) | 0.26 (0.18 to 0.37) | −54.4 (−79.7 to −29.1) |
| Ten or more dispensed drugs during 1 yearc | 3.09 (1.85 to 5.16) | 1.2 (0.5 to 2.0) | 2.01 (1.39 to 2.90) | 4.1 (1.7 to 6.5) | 1.04 (0.83 to 1.30) | 0.7 (−3.8 to 5.3) |
aOne or more of N02A, N05B-C
bOne or more of N02A, N03A, N04A-B, N05A-C, N06A AND one or more of C01A, C01BA, C01D, C02, C03, C07–C09, G04CA
cAny ATC code