Figure 2. Relevance of Previously Diagnosed Diabetes to Cause-Specific Mortality during 12-Year Follow-up.

Shown are the numbers of deaths and disease-specific rate ratios for death among participants with versus participants without previously diagnosed diabetes at recruitment, according to age group and to the disease to which the participant’s death was attributed. The rate ratios for death exclude data from any participants who had previously diagnosed chronic disease other than diabetes (chronic kidney disease, ischemic heart disease, stroke, cirrhosis, cancer, or emphysema) and are adjusted for standard features (age, smoking status, district, educational level, height, weight, and waist and hip circumferences). Rate ratios are not shown for deaths attributed to acute diabetic crises because all such deaths were due to diabetes, irrespective of whether diabetes was diagnosed before recruitment. The size of each square is proportional to the amount of data available. Horizontal lines represent 95% confidence intervals. Of the 393 participants who died from an acute diabetic crisis, baseline glycated hemoglobin levels were available for 389 participants, of whom 332 (85%) either had diabetes diagnosed before recruitment or had a baseline glycated hemoglobin level of at least 6.5% and 57 (15%) had no diagnosis of diabetes before recruitment and had a baseline glycated hemoglobin level of less than 6.5%. Numerical values for the rate ratios may vary slightly from the position of the squares because of rounding.