Table 3. Consumption of food groups, foods, macronutrients and micronutrients pooled across five studies.
| Dietary intake and unitsa | Controls (n=3528) | Prostate cancer cases (n=1717) |
|---|---|---|
| Food groups | ||
| Red meat (g/d) | 41.6 (31.3) | 42.3 (31.2) |
| Processed meat (g/d) | 27.8 (22.0) | 27.6 (21.2) |
| Red and processed meat (g/d) | 69.4 (39.8) | 70.0 (39.8) |
| Poultry (g/d) | 25.7 (24.8) | 26.0 (25.6) |
| White fish (g/d) | 15.9 (17.2) | 15.3 (17.7) |
| Oily fish (g/d) | 14.7 (21.2) | 15.6 (22.8) |
| Milk (g/d) | 207 (143) | 205 (146) |
| Cheese (g/d) | 17.4 (17.2) | 16.0 (17.2) |
| Yogurt (g/d) | 24.1 (43.2) | 26.9 (47.0) |
| Fruit and vegetables (172 g/d) | 313 (174) | 310 (169) |
| Total energy intake (MJ/d) | 9.12 (2.11) | 8.98 (2.07) |
| Macronutrients | ||
| Protein (% energy) | 15.4 (2.6) | 15.7 (2.7) |
| Protein from dairy products (% energy) | 2.6 (1.3) | 2.6 (1.4) |
| Carbohydrate (% energy) | 45.6 (6.7) | 45.2 (6.9) |
| Total fat (% energy) | 33.2 (5.4) | 32.9 (5.5) |
| Saturated fat (% energy) | 12.4 (3.0) | 12.1 (3.1) |
| Monounsaturated fat (% energy) | 11.5 (2.1) | 11.4 (2.1) |
| Polyunsaturated fat (% energy) | 6.2 (1.7) | 6.1 (1.8) |
| n-6 fatty acids (% energy)* | 5.3 (1.8) | 5.2 (1.7) |
| n-3 fatty acids (% energy)* | 0.69 (0.26) | 0.71 (0.30) |
| Ratio n-6:n-3b | 8.4 (3.7) | 8.2 (3.8) |
| Alcohol (g/d) | 18.4 (21.4) | 19.2 (21.9) |
| Dietary fibre (g/d) | 15.9 (6.0) | 15.6 (6.0) |
| Micronutrients | ||
| Retinol (μg/d) | 700 (1072) | 656 (1020) |
| Carotene (μg/d)* | 2675 (1556) | 2773 (1597) |
| Lycopene (μg/d)* | 1485 (1983) | 1481 (1968) |
| Vitamin B6 (mg/d) | 2.25 (0.66) | 2.31 (0.68) |
| Folate (μg/d) | 293 (90) | 295 (89) |
| Vitamin B12 (μg/d) | 5.68 (3.97) | 5.64 (3.96) |
| Vitamin C (mg/d) | 87.7 (51.6) | 89.2 (55.0) |
| Vitamin D (μg/d) | 3.82 (2.76) | 3.88 (2.80) |
| Vitamin E (mg/d) | 11.0 (4.9) | 10.8 (5.0) |
| Calcium (mg/d) | 896 (283) | 887 (283) |
| Iron (mg/d) | 13.1 (4.0) | 13.0 (3.9) |
| Magnesium (mg/d) | 322 (91) | 323 (90) |
| Selenium (μg/d) | 71.0 (31.4) | 73.8 (40.1) |
| Zinc (mg/d) | 9.52 (2.53) | 9.52 (2.55) |
a
Values are unadjusted means or percentages (s.d.).
b
Unknown for some participants.